A comparative study on Kali group personalities

Dr Pavankumar R Kollurkar
Dr Srinath Rao C

ABSTRACT:
Kali personality is always described under the sub-headings strong principled, optimistic, closed, sensitiveness, emotionalism, quarrelsome which are quite characteristic to it. This article is an attempt to unveil about the sensitiveness, closed, emotionalism of kali personality which are the prime reasons in evolution of its characteristic symptoms.

KEYWORDS: PRINCIPLED, DUTY BOUNDED, SENSITIVENESS, EMOTIONALISM, OPTIMISM.

INTRODUCTION

• Term kali or kahle – German for potash
• Quali – Arabic word means alkali
• K is a chemical element or a metal
• Atomic no: 19
• Atomic wt: 39.1

HISTORY AND DISCOVERY OF POTASSIUM

• First isolated in 1807by sir Humphry davy
• He obtained it through electrolysis of very dry molten caustic potash
• It was the first metal isolated by electrolysis
• Sir davy coined the word potassium
• The symbol K is from Latin word KALIUM

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF POTASSIUM

• Standard state: solid
• Colour: silvery white
• Classification: metallic
• K is an essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils. It is also a vital element in the human diet
• K is never found free in nature

If one wants to understand the KALI group, we have to understand the behaviour of potassium within our body

Potassium is found in the CELL of muscles, tendon and nerves

Potassium in an ionic state is found in higher concentration inside the cell against sodium which is higher in concentration outside the cell.

List of medicines under the group:
Kali aceticum, Kali arsenicosum, Kali asparticum, Kali aurocyanatum, Kali bichromicum, Kali bioxalicum, Kali bitartaricum, Kali bromatum, Kali borotartaricum, Kali carbonicum, Kali causticum, Kali chromicum, Kali chloricum, Kali citricum, Kali cyanatum, Kali ferrocyanatum, Kali formicum, Kali fluoratum, Kali hydroxydicum, Kali hypophosphoricum, Kali iodatum, Kali lacticum, Kali metallicum, Kali muriaticum, Kali natrumtartaricum, Kali nitricum, Kali oxalicum, Kali perchloricum, Kali permanganicum, Kali phosphoricum, Kali picricum, Kali picro-nitricum, Kali salicylicum, Kali silicicum, Kali sulphuricum, Kalisulphuricumchromicum, Kali tartaricum, Kali telluricum, Kali thiocyanatum, Kali xanthogenicum, Causticum

DOCTRINE OF SIGNATURE

• High melting point of potassium reflects itself as KALI PERSOANLITY maintained their principles RIGID, STUBBORN, AND HARD TO PLEASE.
• Atomic structure of potassium “body centred cubic” KALI PERSOANLITIE ARE CENTERED TO THEIR BODY i.e extremely anxious about their health.

CONSTITUTION

• HEAVILY BUILT
• STOUT AND ROBUST
• TENDENCY TO GAIN WEIGHT
• PREMATURE OLD LOOK
• Chubby persons with tendency to obesity, heavy built – kali brom, kali bi, kali carb
• Fair haired fatty persons, esp chubby children – sluggish people – kali bi
• Persons inclined to obesity to children – kali br
• Persons of soft tissue with a tendency to be fat – kali carb

TEMPARAMENT

Most kali remedies are phlegmatic except kali phos which is choleric

DIATHESIS: RHEUMATIC AND GOUTY DIATHESIS

MIASM: ANTI SYPHILITIC ALSO SHOWS SLOW ONSET AND SLOW DECLINE.

THEME

• CLOSED
• CONSCIENTIOUS
• MATTER OF PRINCIPLE
• OPTIMISTIC
• WORK AND DUTY

UNDERSTANDING OF KALI (POTASSIUM) THROUGH PERIODIC TABLE

ROW 4 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

• SECURITY: money, finances, relationships, house, job, and health
• ROUTINE: Custom, tradition, norm, convention, habit, schedule, regular evryday
• DEVELOPMENT & ACCUMULATION: Health, wealth, security, and strength.
• STABILITY AND SOLIDITY
• ENDURANCE RESISTANT
• RESPONSIBILITY: duty bound, dedicated worker for an organization, do job – earn money – make your family stable

EFFICIENCY:

Not ground-breaking but loyal. So that job is secured and so is the future.

• GUILTY
• CRIME/CRIMINAL
• SELF DEFENSE

COLUMN 1 CHARACTERISTICS

• INTENSE DEPPENDENCE
• CLINGING
• INCAPABALITY
• INCAPACITY
• LACK OF CONFIDENCE
• NEEDS SUPPORT AND BACKING, NEED SOMEONE ELSE: SPOUSE CHILD, MENTOR, GUIDE.

CORE FEELING:

• Need for relationship and harmony and dependent on relationship
• More delusions are family based due to his extreme attachment to family

 WHY KALIS ARE IMAPATIENT AND FAST??

• Sodium and potassium play a very important part in the conduction of impulses by nerves to brain and from brain to nerves.
• The nerve transmits an impulse of sensation due to electric potential in the nerve cells.
• All cells in animal body tissues are electrically polarized, they maintain a voltage difference across the cell’s plasma membrane, known as the membrane potential
• When a nerve is stimulated voltage gets open, the sodium rushes inside the cells and potassium escape out of the cell into extracellular fluid
• The opening of the voltage gets can be slow or fast depends upon how fast resting membrane potential converted in to action membrane potential
• In potassium constitution the voltage gates are very fast to open there by making them highly reactive and easily excitable
• SO, ALL KALIS ARE HIGHLY REACTIVE EASILY EXCITABLE AND FAST REMEDIES
• Presence of CALCIUM, BARIUM AND CARBONS in extracellular fluid makes the gets open very slow, thus making this constitution very slow to react to stimulus.
• SO, ALL THE REMEDIES MADE FROM CALCIUM, BARIUM, AND CARBONS ARE SLOW.

WHY KALI IS MENTIONED UNDER SLOWNESS AND WEAKNESS?

• Weakness in kali is secondary.
• Primarily all Kalis are fast.
• When kali startled again and again or moves and jerk many times obviously K+ accumulate outside cell.
• When too many K+ are to be pumped in lot of energy consumed ATP energy causing weakness and laxness.
• Kali is an internal resident housing inside every cell, when stimulated it runs out of cell.
• This specific nature of kali again goes through and through from the minutest cell physiology to the attitude and reaction of the mind.

THIS PROVED KALI IS AN ESCAPIST

• When problems crops up, it is the first to leave HOME i.e the cell and go outside
• This is exactly opposite of NATRUM MUR OR SODIUM who rushes inside the home or cell when reacting to stimulus.
• This shows EXTROVERTEDNESS of Kalis against INTROVERTDNESS OF NATRUM

PRINCIPLES DUTY

• The most important characteristic of Kalium people is that they are very conscientious. They are people with strong principles, they have their rules and norms and they stick to them; a man of his word.
• They are therefore very reliable, correct, stable and self-assured. They have a great sense of duty, are serious and responsible.
• In the course of time, however, this can go too far and the negative side might start to come up; being rigid, dogmatic, moralistic, conservative
• In order to live according to their principles, they have to control the other aspects to live according to their principles of their life, such as emotions.
• They prefer routine to new and unexpected things. Playful and artistic traits are hardly acknowledged.
• That is why they seem to be materialistic, but they are more pragmatic and down to earth, than egoistic.
• STRONG PRINCIPLED
• STRONG SENSE OF DUTY
• STRICTLY FOLLOWS ROUTINE
• SERIOUS AND SINCERE
• Strong sense of values – self-worth – well organised 9 mineral kingdom characteristic)
• Strong mental control (mind rules emotions)
• RELIABLE, DUTIFUL

CLOSED:

• This control is expressed physically in the form of constipation or difficult labor. They hold on to things and are closed and reserved.
• In spite of or on perhaps because of this control there are many fears, but these are often only felt physically in the form of stomach problems.
• They can also be quite ‘jumpy’, unexpected things are not under their control.
• Connected to this is their great sensitivity to being tickled.
• Tickling makes you laugh; you have to surrender to your emotions and their control does not allow this.

CONFLICT: CONFLICT OF KALI IS BETWEEN

ATTACHMENT	DETACHMENT
RESOLUTENESS	INDECISIVENESS
DETERMINISM	NON-DETERMINISM
DEPENDENCE	INDEPENDENCE
ACHIEVEMENT	FEAR OF FAILURE
CO-OPERATION	COMPETITION
HOSTILITY	APPROVAL
EMOTIONS	INTELLECT
HOLDING	LEAVING
HOARDING	SACRIFICING

• The conflicting state of Kali could be related to two polar opposite states of water retention and dryness.
• Emotionalism reflects the water element, the emotional turbulences with the overtone of the intimate bond and attachment.

DETACHMENT:

• The source of this trap is attachment itself.

SENSITIVENESS:
The sensitive Kalis no longer are capable to use their resources to keep intimate and smooth relations. Various negative dispositions like jealousy, anger, resentment, rejection come on the surface.

OPTIMISM:

• They are closed and do not easily share their inner feelings but they are melancholic like Natrum’s.
• One could sooner call them optimistic. They achieve what they want to achieve, through perseverance and hard work.
• Their sense of duty is expressed in their tasks.
• Perhaps ‘task’ is an even better theme for the Kalium’s than the ‘duty’.
• They are very task conscious.
• They are very hard workers, able people, and the builders of the society. They are practical and pragmatic.
• Professions in which they thrive are: managers, policemen, judges, translators, book keepers, etc.

NOW WE SEE IN RUBRIC RELATING TO BEHAVIOUR WITH FAMILY OF KALI AND FIND WHAT IS TRUE

RUBRICS:

• AVERSION FAMILY MEMBERS TO: kali Phos, kali carb
• ABUSIVE INSULTING FAMILY AND CHILDREN TO: kali iod
• CRUELTY, BRUTALITY, INHUMANITY FAMILY TO HER: kali Phos
• DELUSION DANGER FAMILY FROM HIS: kali Brom
• QUARRELSOMENESS, SCOLDING, FAMILY WITH HER OR HIS: kali Phos, kali Mur, kali carb
• UNFILLING, HARD HEARTED FAMILY WITH HIS: kali iod

OVERSENSITIVITY:

• Is a prominent feature of Kalis.
• Very sensitive to touch and all other things.

COMPARISION

KALI BROM:

• So sensitive and irritable of mind she cannot give her music lessons very thought of piano breaks her down, makes her shake all over, and then cry with fear and apprehension that she is losing her mind
• cries easily; so easily confused that she cannot say what she wishes to
• least thing worries her
• makes her utterly miserable to be looked at or spoken to; fears to see people; always depressed and low-spirited; memory weak and unreliable, Melancholia

KALI CARB :

• Cannot bear to be touched; starts when touched ever so lightly, especially on the feet.

CAUSTICUM:

• Her nervous system becomes extremely sensitive to noise, touch, excitement or anything unusual.
• Starting from the slightest noise; starting in sleep; twitching and jerking; the child is easily startled or acts as if startled without cause”.

ANXIETY:  Anxious all the time but most marked in morning, on waking, anxious about future, salvation, and disease.

COMPARISION:

CAUSTICUM:

• Timorous anxiety and depression.
• Anxiety, Gastric headache.
• Anxiety and red face from urging to stool. Obstruction of bowels.
• Anxiety before falling asleep, as though attack of fainting would return and he would die.
• Anxiety and despondency; has been subjected to night watching, care, trouble, etc.

KALI ARS: Kent says,

• “Arsenicum is stamped upon the mental symptoms.
• Anxiety even to great anguish, with great fear. Anxiety in the morning on waking, but most marked in the evening and during the night.
• He is anxious without cause, about his health; anxious before stool; wakens during the night with anxiety and fear”.

KALI CARB:

• A peculiar condition in Kali carb., is a state of anxiety felt in the stomach, as though it were a fear.
• Kent explains a case, “Doctor, somehow or other I don’t have a fear like other people do, because I have it in my stomach.”
• She said when she was frightened, it always struck to her stomach. “If a door slams, I feel it right here.” (epigastric region).

FEAR

Fearful:

• Fear is the external manifestation of his inner anxiety.
• “Full of fears”, fear to go to bed at night. Fear of crowds, fear of bad news, and fear of being alone.

MENTAL EXERTION

• Kali’s weakness is due to excess use of energy to operate the Na+ K+ PUMP that sends the K+ ion in to cells
• The weakness is exhibited in different tissue depending on the affinity and constitution.
• The brain and nerve are so weak that they can’t bear any exertion

QUARRELSOMENESS OF THE KALIS VIV-A-VIS OTHER PROMINENT QUARRELSOME REMEDIES

• Almost all Kalis are quarrelsome they have strange combination being discontented over sensitive, highly reactive some time over reactive and there for what result is quarrelsome
• We come across the people, who argue a lot trying aggressively to put across there point of view we should start thinking in term of kali.
• Kali Ars, kali carb, kali Bich, kali iod, kali Phos kali Mur and causticum all are quarrelsome.

QUARRELSOME:

Fault finding nature and Behaviour very crazy

CAUSTICUM:

• Peevish, irritable, censorious mood.
• I Paroxysm of quarrelsome anger

KALI CARB :

This patient is whimsical, irascible, irritable to the very highest degree, quarrels with his family and with his bread and butter

ANGER

Feels angry on waking because he is easily distressed on leaving the protection of his bed (bed is a symbolic representation of mother) and in the evening from exhaustion.

IRRITABLE

Obstinacy marked at night, after coition, during headache and during menses.

KALI IOD:

• There is a very strong degree of irritability, cruelty and harshness of temper.
• He is harsh with his family and with his children; abusive.
• It will take all the sense of refinement out of his mind and then he will become sad and tearful.

KALI CARB:

• Peevish, irritable; noise is disagreeable
• Easily startled, especially if touched
• Intolerance of human voice.

KALI PHOS:

The irritability is very marked, in morning on waking, in the evening, after coition, during headache, during menses, when spoken to, on waking at any time, after becoming exhausted from a diarrhoea.

DEPRESSION OR SADNESS OR MELANCHOLIC OR HOPELESSNESS

CAUSTICUM:

• The least thing makes the child cry.
• Melancholy from care, grief, and sorrow.
• Melancholy; she looks upon the dark side of everything.
• Hopelessness and despair. Paralysis
• Hopeless weeping mood, expecting death

KALI BROM:

• Fits of uncontrollable weeping and profound melancholic delusions.
• Depressed; low-spirited; has nervous anxiety.
• Imagines he is singled out as an object of divine wrath.

KALI CARB:

• Alternating mood, at one time good and quiet, at another excited and angry at trifles
• constantly in antagonism with herself; frequently hopeful
• frequently despondent; frets about everything; peevish, impatient, contended with nothing.

INDIFFERENCE

Indifferent to everything, to pleasure, to business matters and then becomes indolent and lassitude.

KALI PHOS:

• Indifference to surroundings, to joy and to her family.
• Indifference to his business matters, and then comes indolence and lassitude.

MEMORY

• Weakness of memory, Dullness of mind:
• Cannot recollect past events, words. Absentmindedness in children.
• Difficulty in concentration.

KALI SILICATA:

• It is very useful remedy for children in school when they cannot learn their lessons.
• Difficult concentration of mind; he has lost confidence in his own ability.
• Dullness of mind when reading and writing; in the morning on waking. Memory very feeble; mistakes in speaking and writing; misplaces words.

KALI PHOS:

• Weak memory. Forgetful. Cannot recall words. Dullness of senses.
• Weakness of memory for words, and great prostration of mind.
• Mistakes in speaking and writing.

CAUSTICUM:

• Weakness of memory; absent minded.
• Understands questions only after repetition.
• Dullness of head.
• Incapacity to think or to follow his business, after injurious effects of gaslight.

ABOUT MOTHER:

• Clinging children, take the hand of mother, will always : KALI CARB
• Fear alone of being, child wants mother to hold her hands : KALI CARB

THIS CLINGING IS DUE TO INSECURITY AND TIMIDITY BUT NOT DUE TO AFFECTION OR LOVE

DELUSIONS

• Various delusions represented in the repertory are nothing, but the distorted image of his perceptions of reality. These delusions are loaded with symbols of important significance.
• ‘Delusion that the bed is sinking’ directly connects with fear of solitude. Here the bed is a symbol of maternal protection.
• Mother can be represented in many symbolic ways.
• Authentic symbols of the mother are bowl, cave, cavity, chalice, church (Mother church) or city (Jerusalem), cupboard, furrow, house, ocean, sea, vessel, water, vase, ocean or anything that is horizontal. Sinking in this case could refer to the descent into the unconscious.
• Delusion that someone is calling him’ again expresses his feeling of dependency and forsaken
• ‘Delusions of birds’ (Lac can, Belladonna) express great desire for freedom from his suffering and his dependency
• ‘Delusion that the neck is too large’ means that his head, which is loaded with anxieties and helplessness, is joined with the weak and fragile body by a strong and large neck

DREAMS

In dreams too, we find a REFLECTION WHICH EXPRESSES FEAR AND ANGER

• Dreams of ghosts
• Dreams of Specters
• Dreams of death, approaching
• Dreams frightful
• Dreams, stone lying on him (Interpretations of stone lying on him could be a burden of his poor state of health, which he has to carry, or of his dependency)
• Dream as if he is calling out for help (another expression of helplessness and support)

SIDE AFFINITY

RIGHT: caust, kali carb, kali nit

LEFT:  kali Mur, kali carb, kali Brom

THERMALS

Mostly chilly except KALI IOD AND KALI SULPH

DESIRES AND AVERSION:

DESIRE SWEETS: kali carb, kali sulph, kali Ars, kali Phos

AVERSION SWEETS: caust, kali Ars, kali Brom, kali carb

EXCEPT:

CAUSTICUM HAS AVERSION TO MEAT BUT DESIRE FOR SMOKED MEAT

GENERALITIES:

• cold in general < caust, kali Ars, kali carb, kali Phos, kali bi
• Warm > kali carb, kali Phos, kali Bich, caust

CHARACTERISTICS PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS:

• Drooping of eyelids
• Kali shows eclamptic conditions.
• Irritability of nerves choleric movements and convulsions
• Kali salts produce irritability of nerves with timidity, easily startling noise or touch.

STITCHING PAIN:

• There is a tearing, cutting, and neuralgic pains.
• Erotic type of pain shifting from one part t another.
• Pain in small parts that can be carried by TIP OF FINGER, deep escharotics effects on tissues.

GENERAL PAIN STITCHING EXTERNALLY:

K carb, kali Phos, kali sulph, kali nit, kali Ars

GENERAL PAIN STITCHING INTERNALLY:

kali iod, kali nit, kali Bich, kali Ars

Caust, kali sulph,

WEAKNESS AND RELAXATION OF MUSCLE:

• Especially of thighs, body which may cause paralytic weakness of Sacro-iliac joint.
• Patient throws himself or herself on bed or street.

TIME MODALITY:

• EARLY MORNING < 2-5 AM
  KALI BI – 2-3AM
• KALI BROM – 2AM
• KALI CARB – 2-4AM (3)
• KALI CYAN – 4AM (neuralgia 4pm)
• KALI IOD – 2-5am
• KALI MUR – on rising
• KALI NIT – 3am (cough)
• KALI PHOS 3-5am

DROPSICAL TENDENCY:

• OEDEMA, DROPSY, ASCITES (Caust, kali-Bich, kali carb, kali Ars, kali Mur)

PERSPIRATION:

• INCREASED PERSPIRATION DURING NIGHT (kali Ars, kali sulph, kali carb, caust, kali Phos, Kali nit, Kali Bich)

AGGRAVATION AFTER COITION: Kali carb, kali Phos, kali Bich, kali iod, kali sil

ATTACK OF HEADACHE AND CONVULSIONS AFTER COITUS – KALI BICH

KALI CARB – < FROM, DURING COITION

GENERAL WEAKNESS AND ACTION UPON NERVOUS SYSTEM

PARALYSIS ONE SIDE

RIGHT: caust, kali iod, kali carb, kali Phos, kali Mur

NEARLY ALL PAINS ARE > BY MOTION

GEN MOTION < KALI BICH, KALI NIT, CAUST

GEN MOTION > CAUST, KALI SULPH, KALI IOD, KALI PHOS

DISCHARGES

• CORROSIVE – CAUST, KALI BICH, KALI IOD, KALI ARS
• GREENISH – KALI BICH, KALI IOD, KALI CARB, KALI SULPH
• MILKY – KALI MUR, KALI PHOS
• ROPY TENACIOUS – KALI BICH, KALI CARB, KALI MUR, KALI SULPH, CAUST
• SALTY – KALI IOD
• SOUR – KALI NIT, KALI CARB

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Dr. Pavankumar R Kollurkar
PG Scholar, Department Of Materia Medica
Father Muller Homoeopathic Medical College
Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018

Under The Guidance Of Dr. Srinath Rao C
Professor, Department Of Homoeopathic Materia Medica
Father Muller Homoeopathic Medical College