Community Medicine – Frequently Asked Questions

Dr Amir Khalid. BHMS,MD(Hom)
Calicut. Kerala

This notes may be used for Group discussion which is also an important factor in preparation.One among you asks questions in haphazard/ rapid manner and others try to answer. This will quicken or sharpen your memory and reflexes. But not conceal any points for fear of others knowing it.  It is always said to be good to do group study.

• The name chikunguniya is derived from Makonde word means ‘that which bends’
• A Hom. Drug selected which covers the totality found in the majority of cases in an epidemic in a particular area in a given time – Genus epidemicus
• First pathogenic bacillus seen under the microscope by Robert koch – Anthrax.
• The most common intrauterine infection – Cytomegalovirus
• Tuberculosis infection of the Skins Lupus vulgaris
• Widal test     –      Previous infection impairs reading.
• Chronic liver disease                     Hepatitis C.
• Blood transfusion is not Indicated if blood contains HbsAg + anti-HBC
• Pure motor type of paralysis is seen in Poliomyelitis.
• Pasteurization kills  – 90% bacteria in milk.
• KFD is caused by   –    Ticks.
• Tuberculin test’ –     Present and past disease.
• Best prognosis in reversibility(post-tubectomy) is seen in. Isthmo-isthemic type anastomosis
• Extra calories recommended during lactation is – 550 Kcal/day
• In iron deficiency anaemia, first change seen in blood is Decreased serum ferritin.
• Arbovirus prevalent in India           I) Dengue ii) West Nile iii) Chicungunya.
• Most common cause of  hepatocellular carcinoma is Hepatitis B
• Vaccine in the UIP which aims  at preventing blindness is Measles
• Emergency Contraception is usually done following an Accidental exposure to – Unprotected sexual intercourse
• Herpes simplex infection can be transmitted to the neonates= During delivery
• The satellite lesions are seen in Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
• Amoebic cysts are generally           Boiling method.
• In a definitive case of poliomyelitis positivity is defined by Demonstration of polio virus in the stool culture.
• Incidence of diarrhoea in com-       Cohort study.
• Munity can be assessed by studying the calculation of
• In India, disease to be Eradicated in near future is       Guinea-worm
• MTP is legal up to                 20 weeks of pregnancy.
• Most common metabolite accumulation in blood in epidernic dropsy is Pyruvic acid.
• Best diagnostic method for cytomegaloinclusion disease is – Raising antibody titre in serum.
• Most important arthropod control is by – Environmental control.
• Best prophylaxis of cholera is – improved water sanitation.
• In a communicable disease with high mortality, test most useful must be – Highly specific.
• The largest number of leprosy patients in India are in – Bihar state.
• In India, the highest accident rate is reported from – Road traffic accidents.
• The daily protein requirement per kg body weight is highest during – Infancy.
• The method of refuse disposal that has been condemned by WHO as the most insanitary method is – Dumping.
• “AIDS DAY” is celebrated every year on – 1 st December.
• The slimming disease – AIDS.
• First AIDS case in India- 1986 at Chennai in a CSW.
• The most common root of transmission of HIV – Un protected sexual intcourse .
• Invariably fatal irrespective of best treatment – HIV
• NACP – 1986, NACO -1992
• Severe CD4 lymphopenia is seen in HIV infection
• Common neoplasm in HIV infection – Kaposi’s sarcoma.
• Aids was officially recognized in June1981 at the centre of disease control, USA.
• 3 to 12 wks of infection of HIV the individual is infectious and non reactive with the antibody detection tests – Window Period.
• Screening test for HIV – ELISA.
• Best latrine for rural community is – Water seal.
• Most effective in preventing TB and leprosy is – Early diagnosis and treatment.
• Tuberculin test positivity        depends on- Induration
• Vaccine given earliest in a  Child is –      BCG.
•  ‘Flaky paint’ appearance of Skin is seen in   Kwashiorkor.
• Most common complication of IUCD is Bleeding.
• The vector of Japanese  Encephalitis in India is Culex Vishuni
• In Kwashiorkor, the  Immunoglobulin which is most affected is   lgA.
• Greenish vaginal discharge With severe itching is seen in   Diagnosis of    Trichomonas infection.
• Following is rich in linolic acid    Safflower oil.
• Most common route of spread   Faeco-oral  Hepatitis E is
• Diseases under WHO surveillance – I) Polio ii) Malaria iii) Influenza.
• Maximum safe doses of            Radiation per year in human is 5 rads
• Man is intermediate host in        Hydatid cyst.
• Most common malignancy in AIDS patient is Kaposi sarcoma
• In India, disease to be Eradicated in near future is   Guinea-worm
• Best diagnostic method for cytomegaloinclusion disease is – Raising antibody titre in serum.
• Most important arthropod control is by – Environmental control.
• The richest source of niacin is – Meat
• Best prophylaxis of cholera is – improved water sanitation.
• In a communicable disease with high mortality, test most useful must be – Highly specific.
• The largest number of leprosy patients in India are in – Bihar state.
• In India, the highest accident rate is reported from – Road traffic accidents.
• The daily protein requirement per kg body weight is highest during – Infancy.
• The method of refuse disposal that has been condemned by WHO as the most insanitary method is – Dumping.
• Most effective in preventing TB and leprosy is – Early diagnosis and treatment.
• In am epidemic of poliomyelitis, best to stop spread is – OPV drops to all infants above 6 weeks age.
• Highest biological valve is of – Egg.
• IUCD with shortest life span is – Progestasert.
• The best epidernioligical marker for the HBV is – HbcAg.
• Best indicator  for malaria prevamence in a community is – Infant parasite rate.
• Most common cause of failure of OCP is – Irregular intake.
• “Ring immunization” most commonly used for – Diphtheria.
• Most common carcinoma in India is – Oropharyngeal.
• Most commonly maximum production of breast milk is seen at – Three months after delivery.
• Most common vector for Japanese ‘B’ encephalitis in India is – Culex tritaeniorhynclus.
• Most commonly, longitudinal studies give – Incidence of the disease.
• Most common non-veg food containing no carbohydrate is – Fish and egg.
• Best single indicator of health status of a population is – Expectation of life at one year.
• Best indicator of medical manpower is – Doctor population ratio.
• Most sensitive index of malaria transmission in a community is – Infant parasite rate.
• Most labile / fragile vaccine is – OPV.
• Schick test positivity means that the person is most susceptible to – Diphtheria.
• Most common cause of blindness in India is – Cataract.
• Most commonly suboccipital, postauricular and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is characteristic of German measies – Rubella.
• Most common cause of breech presenation is prematurity.
• Most satisfactory method of refuse disposal is – Controlled tipping.
• Hospital refuse is best disposed off by – Incineration.
• Most effective in a sanitation barrier is – Segregation of faeces and its proper disposal.
• Gamma(y) irradiation is used to sterilize – Surgical instruments.
• Most pure water in nature is – Rain water.
• The disinfecting action of chlorine is most commonly due to – Hypichlorous acid.
• Best index of MCH services in a community is – Infant mortality rate (IMR).
• Least toxic organophosphorus insecticide is – Malathion.
• Most commonly insecticide used for space spray is 0 Pyrethrum.
• Most commonly “ Rose-Bengal test” is done to detect – Conjunctival xerosis.
• Most commonly diagnostic power of a test is reflected by – Predictive value.
• Most common major air pollutant is – SO2
• Most commonly active immunity with sub-clinical cases occures Diphtheria.
• Most commonly herd immunity does not protect the individual in a case of – Tetanus.
• Most common process that destroys all microbial life including spores is called as – Sterilization.
• Commonest side effect of BCG – suppurative lymphadenopathy.
• Site of extraintestinal amoebiasis – Liver.
• Pathagnomonic symptom of rabies – aerophobia.[ fanning test]
• Test for diagnosis of rabies – corneal test.
• In India trachoma is seen as endemic – Punjab.
• Most imp cause of low birth wt – Mat Malnutrition.
• Common cause of IMR – LBW.
• Maternal mortality is caused largely – anemia or Hge
• Epidemic dropsy – Argemone oil consumption.
• Toxic principle in kesary dal  resp for neurolathyrism – BOAA [β-oxalyl amino alanine]
• Most common conventional contraception used – condom.
• Vit a def is diagnosed by – Rose Bengal test.
• Milling rice – thiamine lost.
• Post exposure vaccine – used for rabies.
• Man is at the dead end – Tetanus and Rabies.
•  ‘Corpulence index’ – Obesity.
• Commonly used Tb drug developing fast resistance – INH.
• Pellagra is prevalent  high – AP
• Biological transmit of disease is not seen in – House fly.
• Control of  ——-mode of transmission is difficult to control – Air.
• Indian man Ca – oro-pharyngeal
• Optimum Chlorine level to destroy Guinea worm – 5 ppm.
• Blindness by WHO – visual acuity less than 1/60
• Diseases carry social stigma – Leprosy, syphilis, AIDS, Addtction.
• Normal chlorination does not affect polio virus.
• Action of chlorine to kill the germs at maximum at – ph 7.
• Break point chlorination -point at which residual cl appears in the water
• Cheapest and effective method of disinfection water sources – bleeching powder.
• The 60 mts period kept after bleeching – contact period.
• WHO standards of drinking water – less than 10 coliform bact per 100ml.
• When nitrites are present in water – recent contamination
• Nitrates in water indicates old contamination.
• Temparary hardness –Ca, Mg, Bicarbonate.
• Permanent –Clorides.Nitrtes.Sulphates
• Most harmful radiation alpha particles. Gamma rays have high penetrating ability.
• Sewage –solid waste containing liquid as well as solid excreta.
• Garbage –waste substances of food and vrg.
• Refuse –solid waste of the cities.
• Sullage –kitchen waste water
• Auger is the special equipment required for bore hole latrine.
• Common cause for developing to heart disease in  India – Rheumatic fever.
• Ca Cx is least in – Israelis.
• Silicosis predisposes to Tb.
• Exposure to grain dust causes – Farmers lung.
• To cotton dust – brown lung.
• Common symptom for chemical food poisoning – vomiting.
• Most common occupational disease is Dermatosis.
• Largest cause for death in India – Road tr accidents.
• World population on Oct 12^th 1999 – 6 billion
• World population – 680 crores [recent]
• India stood 2^nd after China with 102 crores.
• 2^nd Wed of October – World disaster reduction day.
• Growth is defined as physical maturation.
• Development is functional maturation

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