Homoeopathic solutions to urolithiasis-a new era in urological care

January 26, 2025 admin Homeopathy Articles 0

Dr Anju George
Urolithiasis is the process of formation of stones anywhere in the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder and ureter. Urolithiasis, one of the most painful and the most common disorders of the urinary tract. Approximately 2 to 20% of the global population suffers from urolithiasis anytime during their lives.

Urolithiasis affects 5-15% of the population worldwide. High incidence rate of reported in middle east due to hot climate with increased chances of dehydration. In India,12% of population is expected to have urinary stones, with incidence of age between 30-60 years.

Urinary tract stones with size less than 5mm in diameter, especially in the distal ureter, pass spontaneously. Stones of size 5 to 7 mm have modest chance (50%) of passage and those of size greater than 7mm almost always need intervention.Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Ureterorenoscopy are common procedures to break up stones that are too large to pass through the urinary tract. These procedures are not widely available, assesible and affordable.

Homoeopathy is known to treat urolithiasis by its wholistic approach, it relieves the pain, promotes the dissolution or expulsion and prevent the recurrence of calculi. In Homoeopathic literature there are many medicines indicated for the treatment of Urolithiasis.

ETIOLOGY

Predisposing factors to stone formation in the urinary tract.

  1. Hypercalcemic states
  2. Primary hyperparathyroidism
  3. Immobilization
  4. Hypervitaminosis D
  5. Neoplasia
  6. Milk alkali syndrome
  7. Sarcoidosis
  8. Uric acid lithiasis
  9. Idiopathic uric acid stones
  10. Gout
  11. Myeloproliferative disorders
  12. Acidic urine and oliguric states
  13. Idiopathic renal lithiasis
  14. With hypercalciuria
  15. Without hypercalciuria
  16. Hyperuricosuria
  17. Hyperoxaluria
  18. Hypocitraturia
  19. Increased urine alkalinity
  20. Renal tubular syndrome and enzyme abnormalities
  21. Distal renal tubular acidosis
  22. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  23. Hyperoxaluria
  24. Cystinuria
  25. Xanthinuria
  26. Drugs Secondary Nephrolithiasis
  27. Cystic renal diseases
  28. Urinary diversion procedures
  29. Stents, suture materials
  30. catheters

RISK FACTORS OF UROLITHIASIS
Dietary factors and the environment, minimal urine output is a result of chronic lead and cadmium exposure, high ambient temperatures, and minimal fluid intake. dehydration, Blockage of your urinary tract , Recurrent urinary tract infections .Obstruction to the flow of urine due to any cause.  Dietary factors: consuming more fluids, keeping calcium intake in check, cutting back on animal proteins and sodium, and consuming more fruits and fiber. The risk of developing kidney stones is lowest in diets high in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products, while diets high in meat/animal protein and poor in calcium carry the highest risk Animal proteins speed up purine metabolism, which increases uric acid and calcium nephrolithiasis patients’ levels of hyperuricosuria. Total and supplemental vitamin C intakes were linked with nonsignificant risk of renal stones.

Regarding Vit C and magnesium, according to early observational studies, there is no significant association between these nutrients and stones, but in recent metabolic trial demonstrated that large doses of vitamin C supplementation resulted in an increased excretion of urinary oxalate , an important risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Magnesium supplementation may reduce the intestinal absorption of oxalate and diminish urinary oxalate excretion .An observational study found that dietary magnesium was inversely associated with the risk of kidney stones.

TYPES OF STONES AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Kidney stones can be broadly divided into radioactive and opaque stones. The most common radiolucent stone is a uric acid stone. Less common radioactive stones are xanthine and hypoxanthine stones. Radioactive stones make up the majority of kidney stones. All calcium-containing stones are opaque to X-rays.

Basically, the renal stones can be divided into two major groups primary stones an secondary stones.

1. PRIMARY STONES

1. CALCIUM OXALATE STONES
Oxalate stones are single and extremely hard, as well as dark in color due to the deposition of altered blood on their surface. Covered with sharp protrusions that cause bleeding from injuries to adjacent tissues. This stone is known as mulberry stone.. And it often affects the urethra. It creates an exceptionally good radiological shadow (irradiated) due to its high calcium content. 60% of kidney stones consist of this type of stones.

2.URIC ACID STONES AND URATE CALCULI
Uric acid produced when the body metabolizes protein. when the pH of urine drops below 5.5,urine beomes saturated with uric acid crystals,a condition known as hypercalciuria. When there is too much uric acid in the urine, stones can form.

3.CYSTEINE CALCULI.
They appear in patients with cystinuria, usually occurs in young girls. Usually occur in multiple soft and yellow or pink in color. Cysteine is an amino acid rich in sulphur. They gradually changes to green when these are exposed to air. Pure cysteine calculi are not radio-opaque, but as they contain sulphur they are usually radio-opaque.

4.XANTHINE CALCULI.
These are smooth, round and brick red in color and are very rare. They are brick red in color and show lamellations on cross section.

5.INDIGO CALCULI
They are blue in color, very uncommon and are derived from indican, formed by decomposition of tryptophan in the intestine and found in the urine.

SECONDARY STONES PHOSPHATE STONES: Usually calcium phosphate, although sometimes combined with ammonium magnesium phosphate known as ‘triple phosphate. They are smooth, soft and friable and dirty white in color.

MIXED STONES: As covering of a primary stone, Phosphate stone may occur. They are ‘mixed stones’.The primary stone is mostly the calcium oxalate stone. Usually occur when the urine becomes infected and are occur in alkaline urine.

CLINICAL FEATURES

  • common presenting symptom is pain ,which termed as ureteric or renal colic, which occurs from the increased peristalsis from around the site of obstruction.
  • The pain of sudden onset ,severe, and radiates from flank to pelvis (termed “loin to groin”), often associated with nausea and vomiting.
  • Increased frequency of micturition
  • Haematuria occurs in around 90% cases, however this is typically non-visible.
  • In certain cases, renal calculi can become infected, therefore associated symptoms, such as rigors, fevers, or lethargy. may be present; in severe cases, patient’s may shown clinical features of sepsis.
  • Bladder stones presents with lower urinary tract symptoms, but hematuria and suprapubic pain may also be present.
  • Examination is typically unremarkable, occasionally demonstrating some tenderness in the affected flank. There may be signs of dehydration, from reduced fluid intake secondary to associated vomiting.
  • It is possible to have no pain with a stone, especially if the stone is non obstructing

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
Pain in the loin, renal colic associated with nausea, increased frequency of urination, dysuria and haematuria and suggestive Ultrasonography of kidney-ureter-bladder (USG –KUB) reports.

COMPLICATIONS

  • Hydronephrosis-Refers to reversible dilatation of the urinary tract; if left untreated, it can result in progressive irreversible nephron loss.
  • Urethral stricture, Scarring and Stenosis
  • Acute renal failure secondary to obstruction,
  • Anuria
  • Urinary tract infection with renal obstruction

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Differential diagnosis are Lower urinary tract infection, Pyelonephritis, Renal abscess ,Renalarteryaneurysm ,Appendicitis ,Diverticulitis ,Mesentericischemia,Pancreatitis,Cholecystitis,Small bowel obstruction, Ovarian torsion, Ectopic pregnancy ,Spontaneous abortion ,Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), lower lobe pneumonia and musculoskeletal related pain .

INVESTIGATIONS

  1. Urinalysis is not diagnostic, but it may be used in association with other assessments. Urinalysis reveals microscopic hematuria (78% cases), crystalluria, pyuria.
  2. Blood investigations including complete blood counts, estimation of urea, creatinine, electrolytes, renal function (GFR), serum calcium, phosphorous, Alkaline phosphatase and uric acid may reveal aetiology.
  3. Plain X-ray – plain radiography of the kidneys, ureters and bladder is a reasonable initial investigation in patients with a history of radiopaque stones who present with renal colic.  90% calcium containing stones are seen and are abdomen (KUB) radio-opaque 10% radiolucent not seen like uric acid, cystine, xanthine.
  4. Intravenous urography (IVU)- Show stones position, obstructive features and functions Useful in stones more than 2 mm size
  5. Renal Ultrasound May show back pressure effect. sensitivity of ultrasonography depends on the size and location of the stone and the body habitus or presence of overlying bowel gas.
  6. CT scan – Plain CT: 90% accuracy and also shows radiolucent calculi. Computed tomography (CT) is often considered the gold standard.
  7. CECT: More accuracy than plain CT and shows obstruction and considered as gold standard investigation for urolithiasis

MANAGEMENT
The therapy known as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a less invasive method of treating internal organ damage. That naturally breaks up stones into pieces the size of sand through urination. It was first used in Germany in 1980, and it has mainly replaced open surgery for the removal of stones.

SWL is regarded as an effective first-line treatment for renal and ureteral stones smaller than 2 cm in size for non-staghorn calculi. The SWL success rates for stones larger than 2 cm are significantly lower. Unlike other surgical therapies like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is really non-invasive. The effectiveness of ESWL resides in its capacity to break down calculi in vivo into smaller chunks, which are then evacuated by the youngster on his own initiative. A place inside the body is the target of targeted shockwaves.

HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT

BERBERIS VULGARIS
Renal calculus and colic both sides particularly left. Calculus lodged in kidney or bladder. Pain at the conclusion of urination. Pain in small of back, very sensitive to touch in renal region; < when sitting and lying, from jar, from fatigue. Bubbling sensation in kidneys. Urine, greenish, blood-red, with thick, slimy mucus, transparent, reddish or jelly-like sediment. Movement brings on or increases urinary complaints.

SARSPARILLA
Severe, almost unbearable pain at conclusion of urination. Neuralgia or renal colic; excruciating pains from right kidney downwards.

SEPIA OFFICINALIS
Urine Thick, Foul; white gritty or Adherent Red Sandy Sediment. Urine feeble, slow. bloody, milky Cutting pain in bladder before urination.

PULSATILLA
Urination great urgency. Can hardly wait. Frequent desire. Incontinence of urine, paralysis of sphincter vesicae, spasmodic pain at neck of bladder after urination. Colic with chilliness. Dry mouth without thirst.

LITHIUM CARBONICUM
Tenesmus. Turbid Free and colorless  , scanty urine, with mucus and red deposit. Pain in region of right kidney. While urinating, pressure in heart. Cystitis, subacute and chronic. Pain in the region of bladder extending to spermatic cord after urination.; with much thirst.Urine less in spite of taking normal drinks.

NITRICUM ACIDUM
Urine, scanty, dark-brown, strong-smelling, “like horse’s urine”, cold when it passes; turbid, looks like remains of a cider barrel. Urine contains oxalic acid, uric acid and phosphates. Haematuria, with, shuddering along the spine. As of a hot wire in urethra. Cramps from kidney to bladder. Infective nerphritis. Stream thin, as from stricture.

SULPHUR
King of anti psorics. Violent pain in kidney regions, after long stooping. Hard pressure in bladder; Itching and burning in urethra.

THUJA OCCIDENTALIS
Kidneys inflamed.Bladder feels paralysed, has no power to expel urine. Sensation of moisture running forward in urethra. Orifice closed with slimy fluid, or serous liquid, or a lump of mucus.

SILICEA TERRA
Tenesmus of bladder .Desire to urinate without emission. Continuous urging, with scanty discharge; also at night. Urine, light-colored; suppressed; turbid; sediment of red or yellow sand. During urination , burning and soreness in urethra; pressure in bladder; itching of vulva; cutting pain. Strangury. After urination, involuntary discharge of urine. Renal and vesical calculus.

LYCOPODIUM
Turbid, milky urine, with an offensive purulent sediment; dull pressure in region of bladder and abdomen; disposition to calculi; cystitis. Haematuria from gravel or chronic catarrh.-Renal calculus and gravel. Emission of blood instead of water, sometimes with paralysis of the legs, Incontinence of urine. Smarting when urinating. itching in urethra during and after emission of urine. Shooting pinchings and incisive pains in the bladder and urethra. Stitches in the bladder.-Stitches in the neck of the bladder and in the anus at the same time. Burning in urethra and glans. Urine burning hot, like molten lead.

DIGITALIS
Cutting and throbbing pain at the neck of bladder as if straw were being thrust back and forth. Constriction and burning, as if urethra was too small. Brick-dust sediment.

CALCAREA RENALIS
Prepared from urinary stone itself. Gravel & calculi kidney and bladder. Dissolves and expels calculi, renal and vesical.

ARSENICUM ALBUM
Scanty urine, passed with difficulty. Burning during discharge. burning pain affected parts burns like fire.> by heat. Urine like thick beer , rotten smell. Turbid, mixed with pus and blood.

CHIMAPHILLA UMBELLATA
Constant pain in region of kidneys. Fluttering sensation in kidneys. Catarrh of bladder caused by stones. Smarting pain from neck of bladder to end of urethra. Great quantities of thick, ropy, bloody mucus in urine. Urine colour of green tea. feeling as if sitting on a ball.< damp weather , washing in cold water. Must strain before flow comes. Unable to urinate without standing with feet wide apart & body inclined forward.

IPOMOEA PURPURE
A Pain in small of back with nausea. soreness over left kidney, with paroxysms of pain along ureter as well as in the back, always accompanied with nausea and vomiting.

CANTHARIS
Retention of urine, with cramp-like pains in the bladder..Urine, pale yellow, or of a deep red colour. Emission of blood, drop by drop.Purulent urine. Burning smarting, on making water.    Incisive pains in the front part of the urethra, during the emission of urine, and afterwards. Sharp, tearing, and incisive pains, successive pullings and pulsations in the urinary organs. Burning, stinging and tearing in the kidneys. Pressing pain in the kidneys, extending to the bladder; along the ureters; relieved by pressing upon the glans.  Constant urging to urinate, passing but a few drops at the time, which is mixed with blood .

TABACUM
Renal colic: violent spasmodic pains along ureter left side ,deathly nausea and cold perspiration.  Renal colic; violent pain along ureter, left side.

SARSAPARILLA
Severe, almost unbearable pain at conclusion of urination . Passage of gravel or small calculi; renal colic; stone in bladder; bloody urine. Urine: bright and clear but irritating; scanty, slimy, flaky, sandy, copious, passed without sensation deposits white sand. Painful distention and tenderness in bladder; urine dribbles while sitting, standing, passes freely; air passes from urethra. Sand in urine or on diaper; child screams before and while passing it. Profuse discharge of pale urine. Painful constriction of bladder. Calculi of bladder and kidneys. Jerking sensation along the male urethra. Frequent ineffectual urging to urinate with diminished secretion.

 EQUISETUM HYEMALE
Severe dull pain in the bladder, as from distension, not > after urinating. Frequent and intolerable urging to urinate, with severe pain at close of urination. Constant desire to urinate; large quantity of clear, watery urine, without >. Sharp, burning, cutting pain in urethra while urinating. Paralysis of bladder in old women. Enuresis diurna et nocturna: profuse watery urine, where habit is the only ascertainable cause.

OCIMUM CANUM
Turbid urine, depositing a white and albuminous sediment.Urine of a saffron color.Crampy pain in the kidneys. Renal colic, with violent vomiting, moans and cries, wrings the hands ; after the attack, red urine with brick-dust sediment, or discharge of large quantities of blood with the urine. Thick, purulent urine, with an intolerable smell of musk.

PAREIRA BRAVA
Paroxysms of violent pain with the strangury; he cries on loud, and can only emit urine when he goes on his knees pressing his head firmly against the floor ; remaining in this position for ten to twenty minutes, perspiration breaks out, and finally the urine begins to drop off with interruptions, accompanied by tearing, burning pains at the point of the penis.

Black, bloody, thick mucous urine. Constant urging; great straining; pain down thighs during efforts to urinate. Can emit urine only when he goes on his knees, pressing head firmly against the floor. Feeling of the bladder being distended and neuralgic pain in the anterior crural region. Dribbling after micturition. Violent pain in glans penis. Itching along urethra

UVA URSI
Frequent urging, with severe spasms of bladder; burning and tearing pain. Urine contains blood, pus, and much tenacious mucus, with clots in large masses. Involuntary; green urine. Painful dysuria.

LITHIUM CARB
Soreness of bladder; pain in right kidney and ureter. Turbid urine with mucus, scanty and dark, acrid; sandy deposit.

NUX VOMICA
According to A dictionary of practical Materia medica by JH Clarke, Nux vomica is indicated for renal calculi. The indications are reddish urine, with sediments of colour of brick-dust, painful emission of thick urine, urine passes drop by drop, haematuria with pain in renal region. These being the common symptoms of urolithiasis, it is evident that Nux vomica is well indicated in urolithiasis.

RUBRICS RELATED TO UROLITHIASIS

1)  HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL REPERTORY BY ROBIN MURPHY

CALCULI-R., canth., chin-s., coc-c., coloc., eqius,., hydrang., ipom., lach.,

LITH-C., LYC., med., mill., morg-g., nat-m., nat-s., nit-ac., nux-v., oci., PARERIR., petr., phos., SARS., SEP., sil., tab., ter., URT-U., uva.

Kidneys – STONES, kidney – nephritis, causes Berb. Nux-v

Urine – SEDIMENT, urinary – red  Acon. agar. Alum. am-c. ambr. Ant-c. Apis Arg-n. Arn. ars.  aspar. astac. Bell. Berb. brom. bry. cact. camph. CANTH. carb-v. cham. Chel. Chin. Chinin-s. cimx. cob. coc-c. coch. Coloc. Cop. cupr. Daph. dig. dulc. Elaps gal-ac. Graph. hydr-ac. iod. ip. kali-ar. kali-c. kali-p. kali-s. kreos. lac-ac. Lac-c. Lach. Laur. led. lil-t. Lith-c. Lob. Lyc..merc-c. Mez. naja NAT-M. nat-s. Nit-ac. Nux-v. op. pall. par. pareir. Petr. ph-ac. phos. plat. Psor. ptel. PULS. sang. Sec. sel. senec. seneg. SEP. sil. Squil . sulph. tarent. Ter. thuj. VALER. verat-v

Urine –SEDIMENT,urinary-sand,urinary all-c. AM-C. ambr. Ant-c. arg-n. arn. ars. arund. aspar. aur. aur-m. bell. BENZ-AC. Berb. Calc. canth. carb-v. Chel. chin. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. coc-c. coloc. con. eup-pur. ferr-m. kali-i. kali-p. Lach. LED. LYC. meny. merc. Nat-m. Nat-s. Nit-ac. nux-m. nux-v. PHOS. Puls. raph. Ruta SARS. Sec. SEL. SEP. SIL. sul-i. tarent. thuj. Tub. ZINC.

 Urine – SEDIMENT, urinary – sand, urinary – gravel

arg-n. aspar. Bar-m. baros. Berb. Calc. cann-s. Canth. carb-v. chinin-s. coc-c. cocc-s. colch. coloc. con. Dios. Epig. erig. ery-a. Eup-a. Eup-pur. ferr-m. gali. graph. Hedeo. hep. hydrang. ipom-p. kali-i. kreos. Lith-c. LYC. med. Nit-ac. nit-m-ac. Nux-v. onis. op. oxyd. ph-ac. phys. polyg-h. Sars. senn. SEP. skook. Stigm. Tab. Thlas. tritic. Urt-u. uva zinc.

Urine – SEDIMENT, urinary – sand, urinary – red – bry. Cact. Camph. Carb-v. Caust. chel. Chim. chin. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Cimic. cob. coc-c. Coloc. con. Cop. DIG. Elaps Glon. grat. Hyos. Ip. Kali-c. kali-n. Lach. Led. LOB. LYC. Meph. MERC-C. Mez. Nat-m. Nat-s. nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v. Oci. Op. ox-ac. pall. PAREIR. Petr. PHOS. pic-ac. PLAN. Psor. puls. pyrog. rumx. SEL. SENEC. SEP. Sil. sumb. TARENT. ter. thuj. valer. zinc.

Stomach – VOMITING, general – kidney, origin kreos. nux-v. senec.

Kidneys – PAIN, kidneys – extending to – abdomen berb. canth. kali-bi. Nux-v.

Kidneys – PAIN, kidneys – extending to – testes Berb. cain. equis-h. erig. Lyc. nux-v. syph.

Kidneys – PAIN, kidneys – extending to – thighs – right Nux-v.

Bladder – STONES, bladder, calculi – surgery for, after Arn. CALEN. cham. chin. cupr. mill. nux-v. STAPH. Verat.

2)REPERTORY OF HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA BY J T KENT

URINE – SEDIMENT – sandall-c. ambr. AM-C. Ant-c. arn. ars. arund. aspar. aur. aur-m. bell. BENZ-AC. Calc. canth. carb-v. Chel. chin. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. eup-pur. ferr-m. kali-p. Lach. LED. LYC. meny. merc. Nat-m. Nat-s. Nit-ac. nux-m. nux-v. PHOS. Puls. raph. Ruta SARS. Sec. SEL. SIL. tarent. thuj. Tub. ZINC.

URINE – SEDIMENT – sand – red (brick-dust)acon. agar. all-c. alum. Am-c. am-caust. ant-t. apis arg-n. ARN. ARS. ARUND. Aspar. aur-m. bell. Benz-ac. Berb. bry. Cact. Camph. Carb-v. Caust. chel. Chim. chin. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Cimic. cob. coc-c. Coloc. con. Cop. DIG. Elaps Glon. grat. Hyos. Ip. Kali-c. kali-n. Lach. Led. LOB. LYC. Meph. MERC-C. Mez. Nat-m. Nat-s. nit-ac. Nux-v. Oci. Op. ox-ac. pall. PAREIR. Petr. PHOS. pic-ac. PLAN. Psor. puls. pyrog. rumx. SEL. SENEC. SEP. Sil. TARENT. ter. thuj. valer. zinc.

BLADDER – CALCULI ant-c. arg-n. BENZ-AC. BERB. cact. CALC. CANTH. card-m. Chin. Coc-c. colch. Eup-per. Lach. Lith-c. LYC. mez. Mill. naja . nat-s. Nit-ac. Nux-m. Nux-v. Pareir. Petr. Phos. Puls. Raph. Ruta SARS. SEP. Sil. tarent. thuj. zinc.

3) REPERTORIUM HOMOEOPATHICUM SYNTHETICUM BY FREDERIK SCHROYENS

URINE – SEDIMENT
Acon.aesc. agar. alco. alum. am-c. am-caust. am-m. ambr. anac. anan. ant-c. ant-t. apis arist-cl. arn. Ars.arund. astac. aur. bar-c. bell. Benz-ac. Berb.betu. bov. bry. but-ac. calad. calc. Camph. cann-s. cann-xyz. CANTH.caps. carb-an. carb-v. carbn-s. card-m. caust. cedr. cham. Chim.chin. chinin-ar cina cinch. clem. cob-n. Colch.COLOC.con. conch. convo-s. Cop. daph. dig. dulc. elem. euph. . gast. gins. graph. grat. guat. hep. hyos. ign. iod. ip. Kali-ar. Kali-bi.kali-c. kali-i. kali-n. Kali-p.kali-s. kreos. Lach.laur. led. lith-c. LYC.mag-m. Mang.meny. MERC.Mez.Naja nat-ar. nat-c.nat-m. nat-n. Nit-ac. nux-m.nux-v. ol-an. olnd. op. par. pareir.Petr. PH-AC. phal.Phos. PULS.rhus-t. ruta sal-ac. SARS. sec. sel. SENEG. SEP. Sil. spig. spirae. spong. SQUIL.Staph.sul-ac. Sulph. sumb. Tarent.ter. thuj. tong. VALER.wies.ZINC.

URINE – SEDIMENT – sand – gravel  – acon.alum.am-c.ambr.Ant-c.ant-t.arbin.Arg-n.arn.aspar.baros.Berb.borx.cal-ren. Calc.Cann-xyz.canth.carb-v.chin.Chinin-s.cimic.coc-c.coch.coloc.con.epig.equis-h.eup-a. eup-pur. gali. Graph.hydrang. ip. kali-c. kali-i. lach. led. lith-c. lob. LYC. nat-m. nit-ac. Nit-m-ac. nux-m. Nux-v.oci. op. Ox-ac. Petr. petros. Ph-ac. podo. Ruta sanic.SARS.Sel. SEP. Sil.stront-br. sul-ac. sulph. ter. thuj. urt-u. valer. vesi. vichy-g.zinc.

URINE – SEDIMENT – sand – red – acon. act-sp. agar. all-c. alum. Am-c. am-caust. ant-c. ant-t. apis arg-n. ARN. ARS. ARUND. Aspar. aur-m. bapt. bell. Benz-ac. Berb. bry. Cact. Camph. Carb-v. Caust. chel. Chim. chin. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Cimic. cob. coc-c. Coloc. con. Cop. DIG. Elaps get. Glon. grat. hedeo. Hyos. Ip. Kali-c. kali-n. Lach. Led. LOB. LYC. Meph. MERC-C. Mez.Nat-m.Nat-s.nit-ac.nux-m.Nux-v.Oci.Op.ox-ac.pall.PAREIR.Petr.PHOS,pic-ac. PLAN. Psor. puls. pyrog. rumx. SEL. SENEC. SEP. Sil. sumb. TARENT. ter. thuj. valer. zinc. zinc-p.

URINE – SEDIMENT – red – Acon. agar. Alum. alum-p. alum-sil. am-c. am-m. ambr. Ant-c. ant-t. Apis Arg-n. Arn. ars. ars-h. arund. aspar. astac. aur-m. bapt. Bell. Berb. borx.. cact. calc. . CANTH. carb-v. cham. Chel. chim. Chin. Chinin-s.Coloc. con. Cop. cupr. cyn-d. Daph. DIG. Elaps gal-ac. gast. get. gins. Glon. Graph. hydr-ac. iod. ip. kali-ar. kali-c. lac-ac. Lac-c. Lach. Laur. led. lil-t. Lith-c. Lob. Lyc. lyss. mag-s. mang. MERC-C. Mez. naja NAT-M. nat-s. Nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v. op. pall. par. Petr. Psor. ptel. PULS. pyrog. rhod. ruta sang. sars. Sec. sel. seneg. SEP. sil. Ter. thuj. VALER. verat-v. zinc.

KIDNEYS – PAIN – Ureters – extending to – Penis-cann-i. canth. con. Dios. NUXV.

KIDNEYS – PAIN – Ureters – extending to – Testes –berb. canth. con. Dios. NUX-V.

BLADDER – STONES in bladder – All-s. Ambr. ant-c. ant-t. apoc. arg-n. ars. aspar. bell. BENZ-AC. BERB. cact. cal-ren. CALC. Cann-s. cann-xyz. CANTH. carb-v. card-m. Chin. Coc-c. Coch. coff-t. colch. coloc. cupr. dig. epig. equis-h. Eup-per. graph. hydrang. Kalm. kreos. Lach. lipp. Lith-c. Lith-m. Lith-p. Lith-s. LYC. Meny. mez. Mill. naja nat-m. nat-s. Nit-ac. Nux-m. Nux-v. oxyd. pall. Pareir. Petr. Phos. Puls. Raph. Ruta SARS. SEP. Sil. tarent. thuj. zinc.

BLADDER – STONES in bladder – operation for; after Arn. Calen. cham. chin. cupr. mill. nux-v. STAPH. verat.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF UROLITHIASIS IN DIFFERENT MIASMS

TABLE 1: Symptoms of Urolithiasis in different miasms

PSORA SYPHILIS SYCOSIS TUBERCULAR
Smarting and burning, not from pathological causes. Diminished flow, frequent desire for micturition without burning and irritation during flow Irritation and burning of he parts whenever the urine touches, indicate acridity of this miasm Painful micturition, contraction of urethra. Children screams while urinating Scanty urination Calculi, complications of urinary bladder and varieties of pains of urinary tract which are relieved by medicines temporarily but recur again.frequent desire before thunderstorm. Urinary cramps. Restlessness and weakness after micturition Urine loaded with phosphate, sugar or protein. Offensive and putrid odor of urine. Haematuria.

 

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Dr Anju George
PG Scholar, Department of Organon of medicine with Homoeopathic Philosophy
Under the guidance of Dr Shobha B Mali Patil
HOD and Professor
Government Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital,Bangalore

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