Triads and Pentads in Medicine

Compiled by Dr Nupur

Triad of Alports Syndrome
Sensorineural deafness
Progressive renal failure
Ocular anomalies

Triad of Behcet’s Syndrome
Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Iridocyclitis

Beck’s Triad
Muffled heart sound
Distended neck veins
Hypotension

Charcot’s Triad
Pain + fever + jaundice

Gradenigos Triad
Sixth cranial n. Palsy
Persistent ear discharge
Deep seated retro orbital pain

Triad of Hypernephroma
Pain + hematuria + renal mass

Hutchinson’s Triad
Hutchison’s teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerve deafness

Triad of Kwashiorkar
Growth retardation
Mental changes
Edema

Saint’s Triad
Gall stones
Diverticulosis
Hiatus hernia

Trotter’s Triad
Conductive deafness
Immobility of homolateral soft palate
Trigeminal neuralgia

Virchow’s Triad
Stasis
Hypercoagulabilty
Vessel injury

Whipple’s Triad
Hypoglycaemia during attacks
S.glucose 10%
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Lytic bone lesions

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure

Fanconi Syndrome Triad
Aminoaciduria
Proteinuria
Phosphaturia

Tetany in Children – Triad
Stridor
Carpopedal spasm
Convulsions

Alkaptonuria Triad
Ochronotic arthritis
Ochronotic pigmentation
Urine darkens on standing

Anderson Triad
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Vitamin A deficiency

Triad of Albinism
Black locks
Occulo-cutaneous Albinism
Deafness of sensorineural type

Pentad of TTP
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Fever
Disturbed neurological function
Renal failure
Thrombocytopenia

Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency
Glossitis,
Alopecia,
Dermatitis

Reynolds Pentad
Abdominal pain,
Fever,
Jaundice,
Shock, and
Depression of central nervous system function (usually indicative of acute suppurative cholangitis)

Pentalogy of Fallot
Fallot’s tetralogy with, in addition, a patent foramen ovale or
Atrial septal defect.

Triple Test
Estimation of hcg,
Estriol,
and AFP
(for diagnosis of downs syndrome)

O’ Donoghue Triad
Twisting force in a weight bearing knee joint

O’ Donoghue Triad
Twisting force in a weight bearing knee joint causes injury to
1. Medial collateral ligament
2. Anterior cruciate ligament
3. Medial meniscus

Congestive Heart Failure Triad
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Tender hepatomegaly

Cushing Triad of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Bradycardia
Bradypnea
Hypertension

Hemobilia – Triad (Triad of Sandblom)
Malena
Obstructive jaundice
Biliary colic

Kartagener’s Syndrome Triad
Triad of bronchiectasis
Recurrent sinusitis, and
Situs inversus

NB : E&O expected

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