{"id":4036,"date":"2011-11-27T17:15:36","date_gmt":"2011-11-27T17:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/?p=4036"},"modified":"2022-01-17T06:06:08","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T06:06:08","slug":"applied-anatomy-of-mouth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/applied-anatomy-of-mouth\/","title":{"rendered":"Applied anatomy of Mouth"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"tonuge\"<\/a>The mouth extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus which is the junction of the mouth with the pharynx. It is subdivided in to the vestibule<\/strong>, lying between lips and cheeks externally and gums and teeth internally and the mouth cavity proper<\/strong> which lies with in the alveolar arches, gums and teeth.<\/p>\n

The vestibule<\/em> is a slit like space that communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure. When the jaws are closed it communicates with the mouth proper behind the third molar tooth on each side. Superiorly and inferiorly the vestibule is limited by reflection of the mucous membrane from the lips and cheeks on to gums.<\/p>\n

\u00a0The mouth proper<\/em> has a roof , which is formed by the hard palate, in front and soft palate behind. The sensory nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth is by greater palatine and nasopharyngeal nerve. The floor is formed largely by the anterior two third of the tongue and by the reflection of the mucous membrane from the sides of the tongue to the gum of the mandible. The mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth is supplied by lingual nerve , a branch of mandibular nerve.<\/p>\n

The palate<\/em> forms the roof of the mouth and is divided\u00a0 in to the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. The bones forming the hard palate are the maxilla and the palatine bones. The soft palate is muscular ,curves downwards from the posterior end of the hard palate and blends with the walls of the pharynx at the sides.<\/p>\n

The uvula<\/em> is a curved fold of muscle covered with mucous membrane , hanging down from the middle of the free border of the soft palate. Originating from the upper end of the uvula there are four folds of mucous membrane, two passing downwards at each side to form membranous arches. The posterior folds, one on each side are the palatopharyngeal arches and the two anterior folds are the palatoglossal arches. On each side , between the arches is a collection of lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsil often referred to as \u201c the tonsil.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

The lips<\/em> are mobile , musculofibrous folds surrounding the mouth, extending from the nasolabial sulci and nares laterally and superiorly to the mentolabial sulcus inferiorly. They contain the orbicularis oris and superior and inferior labial muscles, vessels and nerves. The lips are covered externally by skin and internally by mucous membrane. The blood supply of lips are by superior and inferior labial arteries ,branches of facial arteries. The lymphatic drainage of upper and lateral parts of lower lip passes primarily to the submandibular lymph nodes and medial part of the lower lip to the submental lymph nodes.<\/p>\n

The cheek<\/em> forms the lateral wall of the vestibule and is made up of the buccinator muscle, which is covered outside by fascia and skin and is lined by mucous membrane. Opposite the second upper molar tooth , a small papilla is present on the mucous membrane, marking the opening of the duct of parotid gland. The cheek is supplied by the buccal nerve , a branch of mandibular nerve.<\/p>\n

Clinical significance of the examination of the mouth
\n<\/strong>The mouth is one of the important areas of the body we have to examine . The physician must be able to recognize all the structures visible in the mouth and be familiar with the variation in the color of the mucous membrane covering underlying structure.<\/p>\n