{"id":4613,"date":"2012-01-01T00:38:15","date_gmt":"2012-01-01T00:38:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/?p=4613"},"modified":"2021-08-01T09:44:03","modified_gmt":"2021-08-01T09:44:03","slug":"education-basics-of-education-and-educational-objectives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/education-basics-of-education-and-educational-objectives\/","title":{"rendered":"Education, Basics of Education and Educational Objectives"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. Munir Ahmed R
\n<\/strong>BSc (Teaching Technology)<\/em>, GCEH, MD (Hom), MBA (Edn. Mgt), CCID
\nCo-ordinator, Curriculum Development Cell, FRLHT, Bangalore
\nProfessor, GHMC, Bangalore<\/p>\n

Definition of Education
\n<\/strong>Education can be defined as a continuous process that aims at bringing about desirable changes in the behaviour of learners on a relatively permanent basis and which are evident by way of acquisition of knowledge, proficiency of skills and development of values.<\/p>\n

History of taxonomy of educational objectives
\n<\/strong>Since a long time, organised educational system is facing difficulties with student evaluation. A group of educational psychologists took up the challenge of infusing transparency in teaching and evaluation. Thus, at the convention of American Psychological Association in1948, a group of teachers decided to adapt the model of taxonomy used in biology for educational practices. They described this classification Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. This informal group consisted of Benjamin Bloom, Max D. Englehart, Edward J. Furst, Walker H. Hill, David Krathwohl and Bertran B. Masic among others.<\/p>\n

Their findings were published in the book<\/strong> \u2013 Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, handbook 1: Cognitive Domain in the year 1956. This group of psychologists identified that most of educational objectives can be grouped under three headings \u2013 cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The cognitive domain, according to this book includes such educational objectives as dealing with recall or recognition of knowledge and development of intellectual abilities and skills. The educational objectives in affective domain are concerned with \u2018changes in the interest, attitudes and values, and the development of appreciations and adequate adjustments\u2019. The educational objectives belonging to psychomotor domain refer to \u2018the manipulative or motor skill area\u2019.<\/p>\n

Further, this book explained the various levels of cognitive domain. The hierarchy of objectives in affective domain were explained in Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook 2: Affective Domain that was published in the year 1964.<\/p>\n

This group did not explore the hierarchy of educational objectives in psychomotor domain. Many others attempted to develop this hierarchy and in the year 1972, Elizabeth Simpson presented the levels of objectives psychomotor domain. The taxonomy marked an important milestone in the field of higher education. Since learners in higher education are adults, and seek reasons and purpose for their learning, educational objectives and their hierarchy provide a useful benchmark.<\/p>\n

Aims and Objectives
\n<\/strong>Definition of aim :\u00a0Aim can be defined as a Broad statement of educational activity, e.g., to understand disease. It describes what one intends to achieve at the end of an educational activity.<\/p>\n

Definition of objectiv<\/strong>e
\nObjective is a precise point in the direction of aim, e.g., identify uncommon symptoms. It can be defined as a statement of intent in an educational context. Other terms that are synonymous with educational objective are \u2013 teaching objectives, learning objectives, intended learning objectives, enabling objectives, instructional objectives, curriculum objectives, terminal objectives, operational objectives, performance objectives, outcomes, competencies, etc. Of these, the terms performance objectives and competencies refer more specifically to objectives in psychomotor domain.<\/p>\n

Educational objective can be defined as\u00a0a statement of intent in an educational context, which is demonstrable and measurable on predetermined parameters. Thus, educational objective is a statement that clarifies the complete range of activity and expected performance outcomes.<\/p>\n

Functions of objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n