Dr Elampirai M<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABSTRACT:<\/strong> Vipera is an important remedy in our Materia medica from ophidia group. Here we elaborate the picture of Vipera.<\/p>\n

KEYWORDS:<\/strong> Vipera, Varicose veins, Homoeopathy, Mental generals, characteristic symptoms.<\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vipera is venomous snake and it is an important remedy in our Materia medica from ophidia group.<\/p>\n

\n
• Vipera berus \u2013 common viper of England; common adder;<\/li>\n
• Other varieties : Vipera torva \u2013 German viper, Vipera redi \u2013 Indian viper and Russell\u2019s viper<\/li>\n
• Found in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the America<\/li>\n
• Suborder: Viperidae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

  Natural characteristics:<\/p>\n

  \n
  • Ability to withstand extreme cold than other snakes. These snakes prefer to live in grassy or rocky areas. It is found at\u00a0higher altitudes\u00a0and lower atmospheric temperatures (colder climates)<\/li>\n
  • Nocturnal\u00a0creatures<\/li>\n
  • Hibernation for prolonged period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Mode of attack:<\/p>\n

    \n
    • Attack without warning<\/li>\n
    • Attack accurately, lightning speed and leave swiftly, leave no chance for escape.<\/li>\n
    • Sudden Single strike but more poison.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Venom of Vipera:<\/p>\n

      \n
      • Venom of Vipera is both\u00a0neurotoxic\u00a0as well as\u00a0hemotoxic.<\/li>\n
      • Hemotoxic components – hemorrhagic tendency.<\/li>\n
      • Few neurotoxic components also present. It leads to ascending paralysis.<\/li>\n
      • Amount of venom injected at a bite : 150\u2013200 mg<\/li>\n
      • Fatal dose – 40 mg<\/li>\n
      • Fatal period – Few hours to days<\/li>\n
      • After bite \u2013 Swelling, Cellulitis And Hemorrhage<\/li>\n
      • Then it leads to suppuration and sloughing<\/li>\n
      • Coagulation disorders and Hemorrhage from the rectum, urethra and other orifices.<\/li>\n
      • Hematuria<\/li>\n
      • Gangrene of the part involved.<\/li>\n
      • Leads to systemic bleeding also. Such as Subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage, Retroperitoneal and intraperitonial haemorrhages<\/li>\n
      • Intravascular haemolysis leads to renal failure.<\/li>\n
      • Hypotension is important manifestation of viper bite and is usually accompanied by tachycardia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        MENTAL GENERALS:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
        • Sexuality:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          “Wild sexual excitement; temptation of adultery; everything that is prohibited in this way becomes a temptation.”<\/p>\n

          Mind – adulterous<\/p>\n

          Mind – ailments from – sexual excesses<\/p>\n

          Mind – ailments from – sexual excitement<\/p>\n

          \n
          • Hatred and revenge, rage and fury, jealousy.<\/li>\n
          • Delusion being persecuted by ghost.<\/li>\n
          • Drug addiction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Drug addiction, especially by injection.<\/p>\n

            Mind – Drugs – desire – injection; by<\/p>\n

            \n
            • Ambition :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Mind – ambition – increased<\/p>\n

              Mind – ambition – increased \u2013 competitive<\/p>\n

              Mind – duty – too much sense of duty<\/p>\n

              Mind – duty – too much sense of duty – children; in<\/p>\n

              \n
              • Coma, with thirst for water.<\/li>\n
              • Fear :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Fear of thunderstorm<\/p>\n

                Fear of travelling by a car<\/p>\n

                PHYSICAL GENERALS:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
                • Periodicity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \n
                  • Development arrested in children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n
                    • Hemorrhagic tendency – even chronic epistaxis, hematuria.<\/li>\n
                    • Blood and blood vessels especially veins.<\/li>\n
                    • Hemorrhage \u2013 red, black, dark clots, excessive bleeding; With Prostration and faintness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \n
                      • Sleep: Restless; must change position. Sleepiness with inability to sleep.<\/li>\n
                      • Exhausting dreams.<\/li>\n
                      • Speech:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Mind – speech – delirious<\/p>\n

                        Mind – speech – hesitating<\/p>\n

                        Mind – speech – inarticulate<\/p>\n

                        Mind – speech – incoherent<\/p>\n

                        Mind – speech – intoxicated, as if<\/p>\n

                        Irrational talking, with sleeplessness and pains<\/p>\n

                        Wandering, as if drunk, answers mumbling, incoherent.<\/p>\n

                        Tongue swollen, protruding; speech difficult.<\/p>\n

                        CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Nervous system:<\/u><\/p>\n

                        \n
                        • Temporary increase in reflex, paresis supervenes a paraplegia of lower extremities extending upwards.<\/li>\n
                        • Resembles acute ascending paralysis.<\/li>\n
                        • Poly neuritis.<\/li>\n
                        • Polio myelitis<\/li>\n
                        • Multiple neuritis.<\/li>\n
                        • Paralyzed parts then ulcers and gangrene follows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Veins: <\/u><\/p>\n

                          \n
                          • Inflammation of vein with great swelling.<\/li>\n
                          • Veins swollen and sensitive<\/li>\n
                          • Bursting sensation. Fullness and unbearable pain.<\/li>\n
                          • Patient obliged to keep the extremities elevated.<\/li>\n
                          • Aggravation by hanging down. Seems as if they would burst and pain unbearable.<\/li>\n
                          • Varicose veins and acute phlebitis.<\/li>\n
                          • Severe cramps in lower extremities<\/li>\n
                          • Blue lower limbs.<\/li>\n
                          • Vipera is indicated many times in varicosities and phlebitis during pregnancy and the menopause.<\/li>\n
                          • Congestion of blood in veins with intolerable, bursting pains aggravation by hanging down the affected part<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Extremities:<\/u><\/p>\n

                            \n
                            • Shuffling gait caused by paralysis of foot.<\/li>\n
                            • Varicose veins and acute phlebitis with bursting sensation in the affected limbs when allowed to hang down.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Kidneys:<\/u><\/p>\n

                              \n
                              • Hematuria<\/li>\n
                              • Involuntary urine, dark yellow (Jaundice), Fetid and black.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Edema:<\/u><\/p>\n

                                \n
                                • Persistent edema with tendency to ulcers (of legs); with septic conditions following.<\/li>\n
                                • HEART – Cardiac dropsy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Throat:<\/u><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                  • Edema of glottis<\/li>\n
                                  • Swelling like goiter.<\/li>\n
                                  • Viscid mucus adheres to pharynx.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Face: <\/u><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                    • Excessively swollen<\/li>\n
                                    • Lips and tongue swollen<\/li>\n
                                    • Lips blue, tongue swollen, livid; protruding.<\/li>\n
                                    • Tongue swollen, livid, protruding.<\/li>\n
                                    • Face: Red or pale.<\/li>\n
                                    • Hippocratic, with cold sweat on forehead.<\/li>\n
                                    • Scorbutic line on gums.<\/li>\n
                                    • Tongue moist on edges with thirst for cold drinks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      Gastro intestinal system: <\/u><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                      • Vomiting after milk with shivering.<\/li>\n
                                      • Coldness of body with colic.<\/li>\n
                                      • Slow digestion.<\/li>\n
                                      • Diarrhea, green substances; yellow, viscid fluid; fetid; black.<\/li>\n
                                      • Enlargement of liver with violent pain with jaundice and fever.<\/li>\n
                                      • Green and bloody stools.<\/li>\n
                                      • Excruciating pain in epigastrium; aggravation pressure.<\/li>\n
                                      • Violent pain in enlarged liver, extending to shoulder and jaundice with fever.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        Female:<\/u><\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                        • A\/F menopause. Climacteric affections<\/li>\n
                                        • Flow red with dark clots.<\/li>\n
                                        • Not profuse but continuous.<\/li>\n
                                        • With prostration and faintness from nursing the child.<\/li>\n
                                        • Epistaxis with vertigo while nursing the child.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          Skin:<\/u><\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                          • Livid<\/li>\n
                                          • Skin peels in large plates.<\/li>\n
                                          • Lymphangioma, boils, carbuncles, ulcers and gangrene with bursting sensation<\/li>\n
                                          • Amelioration elevating parts.<\/li>\n
                                          • Reopening of old wounds.<\/li>\n
                                          • Black, petechial spots all over body; blisters.<\/li>\n
                                          • Sensation as if something ran up the thigh occurred in bitten limb<\/li>\n
                                          • Sweat over the whole body except the bitten limb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            Vertigo<\/u> \u2013 With epistaxis, loss of vision and anxiety.<\/p>\n

                                            Eyes:<\/u> Paralysis of lids, with dim vision or lost.<\/p>\n

                                            Fever:<\/u><\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                            • Burning heat rising from heel to tongue, with longing for cold application though skin is cold to touch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              REFERENCES:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                              • Allen\u2019s keynotes; rearranged and classified with leading remedies of the Materia medica and bowel nosodes including reportorial index \u2013 H.C. Allen.<\/li>\n
                                              • Boericke\u2019s new manual of Homoeopathic Materia medica with repertory by William Boericke.<\/li>\n
                                              • Survival by Dr. Rajan Sankaran<\/li>\n
                                              • Materia medica of Homoeopathic medicines by Dr.S.R.Phatak<\/li>\n
                                              • A Dictionary of Practical Materia medica by J.H.Clarke.<\/li>\n
                                              • A Study on Materia medica by Dr.N.M.Choudhuri.<\/li>\n
                                              • The Genius of homeopathic Materia medica by S.M.Gunavante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                Dr. Elampirai M
                                                \n<\/strong>PG Scholar, Department of Materia medica,
                                                \nGovernment Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore.<\/p>\n

                                                Under the Guidance of, Dr. Ashok Kumar Dantkale
                                                \n<\/strong>Professor, Department of Materia medica,
                                                \nGovernment Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                Dr Elampirai M ABSTRACT: Vipera is an important remedy in our Materia medica from ophidia group. Here we elaborate the picture of Vipera. KEYWORDS: Vipera, Varicose veins, Homoeopathy, Mental generals, characteristic symptoms. INTRODUCTION: Vipera is […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35964,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[11774,11775],"class_list":{"0":"post-55944","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-homeopathic-materia-medica","8":"tag-mental-and-characteristic-symptoms","9":"tag-vipera-berus"},"yoast_head":"\n