<\/a>Dr Beenadas<\/strong><\/p>\n Tonsilitis<\/strong>
\nThe tonsils are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat.
\nMost commonly, the term “tonsils” refers to the palatine tonsils\/faucial tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat.
\nThese lymphoid tissue forms a complete ring of tonsilar tissue and lines\u00a0 entire throat – Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring<\/strong>.
\nThe tonsils act as part of the immune system to help protect against infection – upper respiratory tract infections.<\/p>\nTonsils \u2013 4 types<\/strong>.
\nTonsils in humans include, from superior (top) to inferior (bottom):<\/p>\n\n- “Pharyngeal tonsils\u201c \/\u00a0 Adenoids-Roof of pharynx<\/li>\n
- Tubal tonsils -Roof of pharynx<\/li>\n
- Palatine tonsils \/ faucial tonsils-Sides of oropharynx<\/li>\n
- Lingual tonsils -Behind terminal sulcus (tongue)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1.\u00a0Pharyngeal \/\u00a0 <\/strong>nasopharyngeal<\/strong> tonsil \/\u00a0 Adenoids<\/strong>
\nThey are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the mouth.<\/p>\nIn children, they make a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the uvula.<\/p>\n
Adenoid hypertrophy<\/strong>,<\/p>\n\n- Can obstruct airflow, so that breathing through the nose requires an uncomfortable amount of work, and inhalation occurs instead through an open mouth.<\/li>\n
- Adenoids can also obstruct the nasal airway enough to affect the voice without actually stopping nasal airflow altogether.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Adenoid facies
\n<\/em><\/strong>Enlargement of adenoids, especially in children, causes an atypical appearance of the face, often referred to as adenoid facies.<\/p>\n2. Tubal tonsil
\n<\/strong>It is located posterior to the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube into the nasopharynx.<\/p>\n3. Lingual tonsils
\n<\/strong>The lingual tonsils extend to the top (dorsal) surface of the tongue further back down throat.<\/p>\n4. Palatine tonsils
\n<\/strong>Palatine tonsils<\/strong>\/ faucial tonsils<\/strong>, are the tonsils that can be seen on the left and right sides at the back of the throat, at the entrance to the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts<\/p>\nFunctions of palatine tonsils<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It is one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), and protect the body from the entry of exogenous material through mucosal sites.<\/li>\n
- Tonsillar (relating to palatine tonsil) B cells can mature to produce all the five major Ig classes<\/li>\n
- In addition to humoral immunity elicited by B cells, there is considerable T-cell response in palatine tonsils<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Cerebellar tonsil
\n<\/strong>The cerebellar tonsil<\/strong> (amygdaline nucleus<\/strong>) is a rounded mass, situated in the hemispheres of the cerebellum.<\/p>\nArnold-Chiari malformation \/\u00a0 tonsillar herniation is a congenital anomaly of the brain in which the cerebellar tonsils are elongated and pushed down through the foramen magnum<\/p>\n
Tonsilloliths<\/strong>(tonsil stones)
\n<\/strong>A tonsillolith is material that accumulates on the tonsil, they can range up to the size of a peppercorn and are white\/ cream colour. They have a strong unpleasant odour and are composed of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan<\/p>\nPeople with chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip may develop tonsiloliths<\/strong>,<\/p>\nAcute tonsillitis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- In children, the tonsils are common sites of infections that may give rise to acute\u00a0 tonsillitis.<\/li>\n
- The tonsils may appear normal sized or enlarged but are usually erythematous.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Recurrent tonsillitis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Recurrent infection has been variably defined as from four to seven episodes of acute tonsillitis in one year, five episodes for two consecutive years or three episodes per year for 3 consecutive years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Types<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Membranous – which is most common in children<\/li>\n
- Follicular – having follicles in the outer layer which appears as yellow dots on the tonsil surface. It is common in young adults.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Causes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Bacterial or viral infection –\u00a0 beta-hemolytic streptococci<\/li>\n
- It also occurs as an allergic reaction to allergens, for example pollens, cold things, food preservatives, drugs, mechanical injury, etc.<\/li>\n
- In patients with auto-immune disorders, who suffer from immunodeficiency, tonsillitis may occur due to multiple infections. For example HIV, psoriasis, SLE, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The source of infection \u2013<\/strong>may be food or water or droplet infection from coughing or mucous secretions of an infected person.<\/p>\nSymptoms<\/strong><\/p>\nIt is associated with sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing.<\/p>\n
\n- Excess salivation and dribbling of saliva<\/li>\n
- Painful or painless lymph node enlargement below the angle of lower jaw<\/li>\n
- Constitutional disturbances like fever with chill and tiredness<\/li>\n
- Recurrent or repeated attack of cold and cough.<\/li>\n
- Ear ache and bad breath (halitosis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Complications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- CSOM<\/li>\n
- Quinsy<\/li>\n
- sinusitis<\/li>\n
- septicaemia<\/li>\n
- Obstruction causing choking<\/li>\n
- Rheumatism and heart strain in case of infection with haemolytic streptococci bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
General treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Rest<\/li>\n
- Warm saltwater gargling for soothing effect<\/li>\n
- Plenty of liquids to avoid painful swallowing of solid food<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Avoid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Acidic drinks like cold beverages<\/li>\n
- Tin packed foods with preservatives<\/li>\n
- Spicy and chilly foods<\/li>\n
- Smoking<\/li>\n
- Alcoholic drinks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Homoeopathic medicines<\/strong><\/p>\nA\/C Stage<\/strong><\/p>\nBELL<\/strong> -congested\u2019 red, hot face and skin, Strawberry\u00a0 tongue, Right\u00a0 side is worse<\/p>\nAPIS<\/strong> -Oedema,BSS pains,Uvula\u00a0 swollen, sac like<\/p>\nARS-IOD<\/strong> -Scrofulous affectionsTonsils swollen, burning,\u00a0Persistently\u00a0irritating,corrosive\u00a0 discharges, Breath fetid and glandular involvement<\/p>\nCAPS<\/strong> -Tonsillitis, burning and smarting sensation as from cayenne pepper, \u00a0 not > by heat, Constriction of throat. Intense soreness, Inflamed, dark \u00a0 red, swollen<\/p>\n CANTH<\/strong> -Inflammation of throat with severe burning and rawness, Great constriction of throat and larynx, with suffocation on any attempt to\u00a0 swallow water<\/p>\n FER- PHOS – <\/strong>Chronic enlarged hyperaemic tonsils, smooth swelling<\/p>\n\n- Right sided<\/li>\n
- The typical ferr-phos subject is nervous, sensitive, anaemic with the<\/li>\n
- false plethora and easy flushing<\/li>\n
- Prostration marked<\/li>\n
- < Night,4-6pm,touch,jar,motion<\/li>\n
- > Cold application<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
KALI-IOD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Suited to pale, delicate, subjects with glandular swellings<\/li>\n
- Extreme sensitiveness of parts affected<\/li>\n
- Nocturnal aggravation<\/li>\n
- Discharges are ichorous, corrosive and green<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
LACHESIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Left tonsils affected, tendency to go to right<\/li>\n
- Throat purplish<\/li>\n
- Sense of constriction, as if something was swollen which must be swallowed<\/li>\n
- External throat extremely sensitive to touch<\/li>\n
- Liquids more painful<\/li>\n
- Pain radiates to ear<\/li>\n
- < Hot drinks \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<after sleep<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
LAC\u00a0 CANINUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Begins on left side, changing from side to side every few hours or days<\/li>\n
- Sensitive to touch externally<\/li>\n
- Constant inclination to swallow, painful almost impossible<\/li>\n
- Pain extends to ears<\/li>\n
- Sore throat and cough are apt to begin and end with menses<\/li>\n
- Probably no remedy in the Materia Medica presents a more\u00a0 valuable pathogenesis in symptoms of the throat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
LYCOPODIUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Chronic enlargement of tonsils, which are covered with small ulcers<\/li>\n
- Affects right side, right to left<\/li>\n
- Children weak, emaciated, with well developed head, but puny, sickly bodies<\/li>\n
- < 4-8 pm, cold drinks, \u00a0> warm\u00a0 drinks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
MERCURIUS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- More advanced stage When pus has formed, great swelling, whole fauces deep red<\/li>\n
- tonsils darker than any other parts,<\/li>\n
- ulcers form<\/li>\n
- Profuse sweating without relief<\/li>\n
- Profuse salivation, breath offensive<\/li>\n
- Tongue large flabby with imprint of teeth<\/li>\n
- Moist tongue with thirst<\/li>\n
- < at night, damp, cold rainy weather<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
MERCURIUS IODATUS FLAVUS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Right\u00a0 sided<\/li>\n
- Throat affections with greatly swollen glands<\/li>\n
- Tongue\u00a0 coated thickly yellow at the base<\/li>\n
- Constant inclination to swallow<\/li>\n
- Better cold drinks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
MERCURIUS IODATUS RUBER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Left sided with\u00a0 marked glandular swelling<\/li>\n
- Parenchymatous tonsillitis<\/li>\n
- Will often abort peri-tonsillitis if given frequently<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
BARYA CARB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Suppurating tonsils from every cold, stitching and smarting pain, < empty swallowing.<\/li>\n
- Can swallow only\u00a0 liquids.<\/li>\n
- Tonsils inflamed with swollen veins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
HEP.SULP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Sensation as if a plug and of a splinter in throat.<\/li>\n
- Quinsy with impending suppuration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
ECHINACEA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Tonsils purple or black, grey exudation extending to post.nares and air passages.<\/li>\n
- Eucalyptus,Tonsils enlarged, ulcerated and throat inflamed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
FAGOPYRUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Soreness and feeling of excoriation deep down pharynx. Uvula enlarged, tonsils swollen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
FRAGARIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Swollen tonsils with strawberry tongue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
NITRIC ACID<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Suited to thin persons of rigid fibre, dark\u00a0\u00a0 complexions, black hair and eyes<\/li>\n
- Catch cold easily<\/li>\n
- Sensation of splinter in throat, worse from touch<\/li>\n
- Extreme fetidity and corrosiveness of all discharges<\/li>\n
- Chilly, loves salt and fat<\/li>\n
- Depressed and anxious<\/li>\n
- < Evening and night, cold climate<\/li>\n
- > Riding in a carriage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
KALI MURIATICUM <\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Valuable remedy in a\/c or c\/c tonsillitis with much swelling<\/li>\n
- Almost a specific in follicular tonsillitis<\/li>\n
- Throat has a gray look, spotted with white<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
NATRUM MURIATICUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Especially for the anemic and cachetic<\/li>\n
- Great emaciation, losing flesh while eating well<\/li>\n
- Great liability to take cold<\/li>\n
- Craving for salt, aversion to bread<\/li>\n
- Consolation aggravates<\/li>\n
- < Heat of sun,\u00a0 < sea shore<\/li>\n
- > Open air,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 >cold bathing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
NUXVOMICA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Is\u00a0 irritable and oversensitive to external impression<\/li>\n
- Coryza dry at night, fluent by day, < warm room, >cold air<\/li>\n
- Easily chilled, avoid open air.<\/li>\n
- Frequent ineffectual urging for stool<\/li>\n
- < Morning,< cold air<\/li>\n
- < Damp wet weather\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
AGRAPHIS NUTANS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Enlarged tonsils.<\/li>\n
- Throat and ear complaints with tendency to free discharge from mucus membrane.<\/li>\n
- Adenoids enlarged, throat deafness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
IODUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Persons of a scrofulous diathesis, dark complexioned with enlarged lymphatic glands<\/li>\n
- Great emaciation, ravernous appetite<\/li>\n
- Acute exacerbation of c\/c inflammation<\/li>\n
- Hot patient<\/li>\n
- < Warm room\u00a0 > walking in open air<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
PHOSPHOROUS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Adapted to tall slender persons of sanguine temperament<\/li>\n
- Great susceptibility to external impression<\/li>\n
- Thirst for very cold water<\/li>\n
- Burning sensation in throat<\/li>\n
- Hoarseness and aphonia, worse evening<\/li>\n
- Worse lying on left side<\/li>\n
- < Evening\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 < thunder storm\u00a0 < warm to cold air<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
PHYTOLACCA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Pre-eminently a glandular remedy<\/li>\n
- Right sided tonsillitis, dark red colour, uvula large dropsical, almost translucent<\/li>\n
- Burning as from a coal, of fire or red hot iron, dryness<\/li>\n
- Sensation of lump in the throat<\/li>\n
- Pain shoots from throat into ears on swallowing<\/li>\n
- Quinsy<\/li>\n
- < Hot drinks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
PSORINUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Especially adapted to psoric constitution<\/li>\n
- In chronic cases when well selected remedies fails to relieve or permanently improve<\/li>\n
- Great\u00a0 sensitiveness to cold<\/li>\n
- Tonsils greatly swollen, difficult painful swallowing<\/li>\n
- Profuse offensive saliva<\/li>\n
- Tough mucus in throat, must hawk continually<\/li>\n
- Eradicates tendency to quinsy<\/li>\n
- < Change of weather<\/li>\n
- Better by heat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
POLYPORUS PINICOLA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Throat dry, sore, frequent inclination to swallow. Tonsils much congested and enlarged, frequent efforts to swallow, quite painful<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
PULSATILLA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Mild, gentle, yielding disposition<\/li>\n
- Symptoms ever changing<\/li>\n
- Discharges are thick, bland and yellowish green<\/li>\n
- Aversion to fatty, warm food and drinks<\/li>\n
- Thirstlessness with dry mouth<\/li>\n
- Desires open air<\/li>\n
- < Warm close room\u00a0 <evening<\/li>\n
- > Open air, cold air and room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
SANGUNARIA CANADENSIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Right\u00a0 sided\u00a0 tonsillitis<\/li>\n
- Burning sensation<\/li>\n
- Circumscribed red cheeks<\/li>\n
- Tongue white, feels scalded<\/li>\n
- Quinsy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
SEPIA OFFICINALIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Left side inflamed, much swelling with little redness<\/li>\n
- Sensation of lump in throat<\/li>\n
- Waked with sensation\u00a0 as if had swallowed something which has struck in the throat<\/li>\n
- Contraction of throat when swallowing<\/li>\n
- Sepia is chilly, indifferent White or gray coating at the base of tongue<\/li>\n
- Intolerant to cold and closed places<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
SILICEA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Cold, chilly, hugs the fire<\/li>\n
- Wants plenty of warm clothing, hates drafts, hands and feel cold,<\/li>\n
- Worse in winter<\/li>\n
- Scrofulous rachitic children, much sweating about the head<\/li>\n
- Ailments, caused by suppressed foot sweat<\/li>\n
- Periodical quinsy, pricking as of a pin in tonsil<\/li>\n
- Colds settle in throat<\/li>\n
- Bad effects of vaccination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
SOLANUM-NIGRUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Throat sore as if burnt, stiches in right side of throat.<\/li>\n
- Raw sensation, painful swallowing, solids or liquids <\u00a0 on swallowing, at times stitches shooting to drum of right ear.<\/li>\n
- Left tonsils swollen. Feeling as if splinter in right tonsil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
SULPHUR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- When carefully selected remedies fail to produce a favourable effect, especially in acute cases<\/li>\n
- Chronic\u00a0 sore throat<\/li>\n
- Burning and dryness in throat<\/li>\n
- Complaints that are continually relapsing<\/li>\n
- Scrofulous, psoric, chronic diseases\u00a0 that result from suppressed eruption<\/li>\n
- Ragged philosopher<\/li>\n
- For lean, stoop shouldered persons, standing is the worst position<\/li>\n
- Children dislike washing<\/li>\n
- <\u00a0 When\u00a0 standing<\/li>\n
- <\u00a0 Warmth of bed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
TUBERCULINUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Tubercular diathesis, tall, slim, flat, narrow chest<\/li>\n
- Active and precocious mentally, weak physically<\/li>\n
- When symptoms are constantly changing and well selected remedies fails to improve<\/li>\n
- Patient takes cold from the slightest exposure<\/li>\n
- Emaciation rapid and pronounced<\/li>\n
- Enlarged tonsil<\/li>\n
- Aversion to meat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
THUJA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Swelling of tonsils and throat<\/li>\n
- Accumulation of a large quantity of tenacious mucus in mouth<\/li>\n
- Throat feels raw, dry, as from a plug, or as if it were constricted\u00a0 when swallowing<\/li>\n
- Hahnemann\u2019s chief anti sycotic<\/li>\n
- Hydrogenoid constitution<\/li>\n
- Ill effects of vaccination<\/li>\n
- Sweat only on uncovered\u00a0 parts or all over except head, stops when<\/li>\n
- he wakes.\u00a0\u00a0 Profuse sour smelling fetid at night<\/li>\n
- < Cold damp air<\/li>\n
- < Night,3.a.m and 3 p.m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
GELSEMIUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Painful spot deep in tonsil, hurting out of proportion on swallowing,<\/li>\n
- Red, inflamed throat, pain streaking to ear, rapid progress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
AMYGDALA PERSICA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Has dark injection of the fauces, sharp pains, and difficult swallowing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
GUAIACUM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- One of the most useful remedies at the commencement of an attack, \u00a0 especially of catarrhal tonsillitis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
- The characteristics are violent burning, headache, throat hot, chill and\u00a0\u00a0 aching in back and limbs; abscesses form quickly. In the 1x frequently repeated it will often abort.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
RAPHANUS\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Heat and burning in throat, at times, chiefly in tonsils, with\u00a0 lancinations.<\/li>\n
- Swelling, redness and pain in tonsils, as if raw.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
STAPHISAGRIA\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Tonsillitis, on swallowing a stitch runs up from throat into ear.<\/li>\n
- Both tonsils inflamed and swollen.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
GUN POWDER :\u00a0<\/strong>Septic tonsillitis.<\/p>\nSABADILLA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n- It is useful when the\u00a0 disease begins on the left side and extends to the right\u00a0 [Lach.].<\/li>\n
- The pain is worse from empty swallowing and is relieved by warm drinks.<\/li>\n
- Sometimes there is a sensation as of a thread or string in the\u00a0 throat or else,\u00a0 a sense of constriction\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Tonsils inflamed and swollen, here and there spots covered with pus; difficult swallowing;<\/li>\n
- Throat dry, with flow of watery saliva; nausea and discomfort