{"id":9364,"date":"2012-06-10T00:25:20","date_gmt":"2012-06-10T00:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/?p=9364"},"modified":"2021-08-14T01:03:18","modified_gmt":"2021-08-14T01:03:18","slug":"literature-review-in-medical-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/literature-review-in-medical-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Literature Review in Medical Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dr Arun Prasad K.P<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A literature review is the effective evaluation of current knowledge on a research topic.\u00a0\u00a0 The \u201cLiterature\u201d implies the works you consulted in order to understand and investigate your research problem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Purpose<br \/>\n<\/strong>An effective review of medical literature should answer or clarify the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What we already know \u2013 in terms of theory &amp; clinical practice<\/li>\n<li>What is lacking<\/li>\n<li>Why study the problem \u2013 Rationale \/ Relevance of study<\/li>\n<li>What methods to use<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Components<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Searching for information \u2013 Sources &amp; method of searching<\/li>\n<li>Critical review<\/li>\n<li>Documentation<\/li>\n<li>People \u2013 convenient, easily accessible<\/li>\n<li>Text \u2013 Traditional \/ Online \u2013 not the most updated, but a starting point<\/li>\n<li>Primary \/ Non appraised sources &#8211; Research articles\n<ul>\n<li>Individual journals \u2013 Traditional \/ Online \u2013 are refereed by editorial board, evaluated, up-to-date, but has time lag.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Secondary \/ Pre-appraised sources \/ Integrative literature &#8211; Systematic Review, Meta-analyses etc\n<ul>\n<li>Individual journals \/ Books \/ Sites \u2013 Clinical Evidence (BMJ), Cochrane library<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Grey Literature\n<ul>\n<li>Theses &amp; Dissertations &#8211; inexperienced researchers<\/li>\n<li>Conference Proceedings \u2013 Latest unpublished research, can identify people involved in research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other \u2013 Govt.\/ NGO reports, Newspaper, Magazines etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Searching \u2013 Sources of Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Searching \u2013 Method<br \/>\n<\/strong>Finding references to articles most important.\u00a0\u00a0 References can be found in Text books \/ Articles \/ Index or Databases of references<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Indexes or Databases of References<br \/>\n<\/strong>Databases \u2013 Traditional e.g. Index Medicus or Electronic \/ Online eg. Medline<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Index Medicus<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Published by US NLM, Started 1879, published monthly, stopped 2004<\/li>\n<li>Cumulative Index Medicus \u2013 published annually, stopped 2000<\/li>\n<li>Maintained by US NLM contain approx 17 million references to &gt; 5000 life sciences journal articles, from 1950-51 to present<\/li>\n<li>Indexed by Medical subject headings &#8211; MeSH<\/li>\n<li>Search can be filtered by Author, Journal, Period, Article type etc more in Advanced search<\/li>\n<li>Poor Homoeopathy representation especially English \u2013 only BHJ \/ Homeopathy, JAIH etc<\/li>\n<li>Some abstracts, some have free full text archived in PubMed central or free journal sites<\/li>\n<li>Clicking on each citation gives abstract, publication type, MeSH terms, Links to full text etc<\/li>\n<li>Maintained by Elsevier, comprehensive pharmacological &amp; biomedical database, more European journals, &gt; 80% abstracts<\/li>\n<li>Database of Indian biomedical journals \u2013 by Indian MEDLARS Centre &#8211; setup by NIC and ICMR \u2013 Free full text available at http:\/\/medind.nic.in\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Medline \u2013 MEDLARS Online &#8211; Medical Literature Analyses &amp; Retrieval System<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">EMBASE \u2013 Excerpta Medica Database<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">IndMED &#8211; http:\/\/indmed.nic.in\/\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Other<\/span> \u2013 BIOSIS, SIGLE \u2013 System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Finding Homoeopathic Information- Problems<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Scanty homoeopathic information in popular medical databases:<\/em><em> e.g. <\/em>Study by Department of Epidemiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands<em>Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. <\/em>The comprehensiveness of MEDLINE and EMBASE computer searches. Searches for controlled trials of homeopathy, ascorbic acid for common cold and ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency and intermittent claudication.<em>\u00a0 Pharm Weekbl 1992;14:316\u201320<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cRESULTS: For homoeopathy, ascorbic acid and ginkgo the proportion of all trials found by Medline was 17%, 36% and 31% respectively and for Embase 13%, 25% and 58% respectively. After checking of the references in the Medline articles 44%, 79% and 76% of all trials were identified. After checking of the references in the Embase articles 42%, 72% and 93% of all trials were identified.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Finding Homoeopathic Information- Solution &#8211; Homoeopathic &amp; CAM Databases<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Hom-Inform Database<\/span><\/em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> \u2013 <span class=\"removed_link\" title=\"http:\/\/hominform.soutron.com\/\">http:\/\/hominform.soutron.com<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Homoeopathic Library Information Services of British Homoeopathic Library, part of Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital<\/li>\n<li>Database of over 25000 article &amp; book references to Homoeopathy, free to search, some abstracts, photocopies possible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">CCRH Library<\/span><\/em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccrhindia.org\/\">www.ccrhindia.org<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Publishes CHLAS \u2013 Current Health Literature Awareness Services since 1988 gives citations of scientific articles published in journals subscribed by CCRH<\/li>\n<li>Library provides photocopies of selected articles on specific requests<\/li>\n<li>Also CCRH Quarterly Bulletin &#8211; A Cumulative Index, Theses index etc<\/li>\n<li>Plan to launch HOMLINE, similar to Hominform<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Provings Database<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u2013 www.provings.com\u00a0 &#8211; Jeremy Sherr &amp; Archibel<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>More than 1000 new provings listed<\/li>\n<li>Search for a proving, using the name of substance, of the proving investigator, the manufacturer, etc. \u2013 can also upload your own proving<\/li>\n<li>For each proving gives name of investigator, year, contact details, rarely link to proving<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>HomBRex<\/em><\/strong><strong> &#8211;\u00a0 <\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.carstens-stiftung.de\/hombrex\/index.php\">www.carstens-stiftung.de\/hombrex\/index.php<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Database on Basic Research experiments on Homeopathy &#8211; <\/strong>indexes studies on biological systems including animal, human, plant, fungi and microbial organisms. &#8211; Needs free registration<\/li>\n<li>More than 1190 experiments in more than 900 original articles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/\">www.similima.com<\/a> : A portal \u00a0for homoeopathic students teachers and professional<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>CAM Databases<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">o\u00a0\u00a0 CAMbase \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/cambase.dmz.uni-wh.de\/opencam\/start_en.html\">http:\/\/cambase.dmz.uni-wh.de\/opencam\/start_en.html<\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Covers about 80,000 bibliographical records from more than 30 journals on complementary medicine most of them not listed in MEDLINE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">User friendly &#8211; can type in his request as a naturally spoken phrase<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">o\u00a0\u00a0 AMED \u2013 <span class=\"removed_link\" title=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/collections\/health\/amed.html\">www.bl.uk\/collections\/health\/amed.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allied &amp; Complementary Medicine Database of British Library<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Cochrane collaboration CM Field \u2013 www.compmed.umm.edu\/cochrane_reviews.asp\n<ul>\n<li>Abstract of reviews can be read at www.cochrane.org\/reviews<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>CAM in PubMed \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/\">www.nlm.nih.gov\/nccam\/caminpubmed.html<\/a> &#8211; A subset of PubMed<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Finding a copy<br \/>\n<\/strong>References can be followed up in medical library \/ online libraries.\u00a0\u00a0 Look up abstract to know whether potentially interesting or not.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Can obtains articles by subscription at most journal sites<\/li>\n<li>Free full text articles online \u2013 depends on individual journal policy<\/li>\n<li>Free Article collections \u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/www.freemedicaljournals.com\/\">www.freemedicaljournals.com<\/a> , open access publishers like BioMed central \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/\">www.biomedcentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Document delivery services<strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Other ways to find relevant information:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Personal communication &#8211; Contact those who have conducted similar research<\/li>\n<li>For dissertations, theses etc. contact colleges \/ universities<\/li>\n<li>Web search with popular search engines or speciality tools like Google scholar (scholar.google.com)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Critical review of literature<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>For research paper assess\n<ul>\n<li>Type of study \/ Relevance to your study \/ Aims &amp; Objectives \/ Materials &amp; Methods \/ Sample size \/ Statistical Methods \/ Results &amp; conclusions \u2013 whether appropriate<\/li>\n<li>Bias or conflict of interest \u2013 transparent or\u00a0 not<\/li>\n<li>Peer reviewed articles most credible<\/li>\n<li>Details in series of \u201cUsers&#8217; guides to the medical literature\u201d in JAMA &#8211; www.cche.net\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Re-organise, reshuffle &amp; summarize as sequentially relevant text<\/li>\n<li>Traps to avoid\n<ul>\n<li>Forgetting the purpose<\/li>\n<li>Trying to read everything<\/li>\n<li>Reading not writing<\/li>\n<li>Not referencing your notes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Details of referencing methods at US NLM\u2019s Citing Medicine site &#8211;\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/citingmedicine\/\">http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/citingmedicine\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Details of manuscript submission in \u201cUniform requirements of manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals\u201d published by International committee of medical journal editors <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icmje.org\/\">http:\/\/www.icmje.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dr Arun Prasad K.P<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 MD (Hom)<br \/>\nDept of Materia Medica<br \/>\nGovt.Homeopathic Medical COllege, Calicut<br \/>\nEmail : <a href=\"mailto:appoo.ap@gmail.com\">appoo.ap@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Dr Arun Prasad K.P A literature review is the effective evaluation of current knowledge on a research topic.\u00a0\u00a0 The \u201cLiterature\u201d implies the works you consulted in order to understand and investigate your research problem. Purpose <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/literature-review-in-medical-research\/\" title=\"Literature Review in Medical Research\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[2204],"class_list":{"0":"post-9364","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-research-homoeopathy","8":"tag-literature-review-in-research"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Literature Review in Medical Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.homeobook.com\/literature-review-in-medical-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Literature Review in Medical Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dr Arun Prasad K.P A literature review is the effective evaluation of current knowledge on a research topic.\u00a0\u00a0 The \u201cLiterature\u201d implies the works you consulted in order to understand and investigate your research problem. 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